Sample Questions:

SC6.1.         Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, property owners are being advised by authorities to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.

A.     property owners are being advised by authorities to

B.      property owners are advised by authorities that they should

C.      authorities are advising property owners to

D.     authorities are advising property owners they

E.      authorities’ advice to property owners is they should

Answer:

逻辑主语

E advice不能充当prompted by 的逻辑主语。

习惯用法

advise sb. to do sth. ；advise that…

A sb. be advised by sb. to do…永远错。

B sb. be advised by sb. that…永远错。

D sb. advise sb. + 句子永远错

SC6.2.         Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans were singularly uninterested in the accumulation of material wealth or in the crafting of elaborate pottery and basketry.

A.     Comparing the Quechans with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans

B.      When you compare the Quechans to other Native Americans of the Southwest, they

C.      When other Native Americans of the Southwest are compared to the Quechans, they

D.     Comparison to other Native Americans of the Southwest shows that the Quechans

E.      Compared with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans

Answer:

逻辑主语

A –ing分词在句首，逻辑主语等于句子主语，The Quechans compared the Quechans with other Native Americans of Southwest， Q部落主动把自己与其他土著美国人进行比较，逻辑主语不合理。

习惯用法

compare to 和compare with的区别：compare X1 to X2—把X1比成X2，X1和X2是不同类事物，即不同类事物寻找相似性，相似性用compare to强调；compare X1 with X2—X1和X2相比较，X1与X2是同一类事物，即同类事物寻找差异性，差异性用compare with 强调。

Quechans和other Native Americans of the Southwest是同一类事物，应该使用compare…with表示相互比较，强调差异性。

BCD 错误地使用了compare…to…结构。

SC6.3.         Spanning more than fifty years, Friedrich Miller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.

A.     Friedrich Miller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as

B.      Friedrich Miller’s career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as

C.      Friedrich Miller’s career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

D.     Friedrich Miller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

E.      the career of Miller has begun with an unpromising apprenticeship of

Answer:

逻辑主语的合理性

AD 句首-ing分词短语的逻辑主语为主句主语Friedrich Miller，Friedrich Miller spanned more than fifty years，人跨越了50多年，逻辑意思不合理。

习惯用法

apprenticeship as

CDE apprenticeship of being / apprenticeship of 都不符合apprenticeship的习惯搭配

时态判断

D把原句一般过去时改为过去完成时，E把一般过去时改为现在完成时；没有明显的时间标志和上下文的逻辑线索表明，这种对原句时态的改变是合理的。

SC6.4.         Clark and Florence Wallace, a husband-and-wife medical team, worked steadily and efficiently through the night, but sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented.

A.     sipping their coffee the next morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented

B.      sipping their coffee the next morning, he seemed to be disoriented, she noticed

C.      as they sipped their coffee the nest morning, she noticed that he seemed disoriented

D.     as they were sipping their coffee the next morning, he seemed, she noticed, disoriented

E.      he seemed disoriented, she noticed, sipping their coffee the next morning

Answer:

逻辑主语

AB 句子2中，-ing分词短语sipping their coffee在句首，逻辑主语等于句子主语，，“他/她喝了他们的咖啡（一个人喝了两个人的咖啡）”，逻辑意思不合理。

E 句子2中，sipping…在句尾，充当伴随动作状语，主句中只有一个动词seemed，sipping their coffee的逻辑主语等于seemed的主语he，he sipped their coffee，逻辑意思不合理。

不能改变原句的合理意思和重心

BD 句子2中的主句he seemed to be disoriented 是原句宾语从句的内容，而原句主句的内容she noticed在BD选项中变为插入语，主从关系颠倒，改变原句的强调重心。

SC6.5.         By installing special electric pumps, farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer.

A.     farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer

B.      the warmth from cows’ milk could be used by farmers to heat their houses, according to one agricultural engineer

C.      one agricultural engineer reports that farmers could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses

D.     farmers, according to one agricultural engineer, could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses

E.      one agricultural engineer reports that farmers’ house could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk

Answer:

逻辑主语

介词+分词短语在句首，分词短语的逻辑主语等于主句的主语。

A 主句主语farmers’ house不能成为installing的逻辑主语，因为房子不能执行安装抽水机这一动作。

B 主句主语the warmth不能成为installing的逻辑主语。

不能改变原句的合理意思和重心

CE 实义动词report随意添加，改变原句意思；并且原句主句中的内容变成了that宾语从句的内容，主次关系颠倒，改变原句的重心。

SC6.6.         Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients’ misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.

A.     in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy

B.      if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food

C.      in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food

D.     if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

E.      in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

Answer:

逻辑主语

句子2中，介词+分词短语（in attributing…）在句首，分词短语的逻辑主语应等于主句的主语。

ACE 主句主语the perpetrators不能充当attributing的逻辑主语，因为罪犯不能自己主动把犯罪归因于事物过敏。

习惯用法

sb. attribute X1(结果) to X2(原因) 或 X1(结果) is attributed to X2(原因)

D X1(原因) is attributed as the cause of X2(结果)，搭配错误。

E attribute X1(原因) as the cause of X2(结果)，搭配错误。

定语从句要尽可能简化

C that is + adj.修饰behavior，定语不简洁，改为adj. + behavior。

SC6.7.         In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

A.     In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

B.      The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in assessing the problems that they face.

C.      A question that is irrelevant in assessing the problems that rural migrant workers face is whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor.

D.     In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.

E.      The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in an assessment of the problems that they face.

Answer:

分词短语的逻辑主语

介词+分词短语在句首，分词短语的逻辑主语等于主句的主语。

assessing the problems的逻辑主语应该是人。

A 主句主语the question 不能充当分词短语assessing the problems的逻辑主语。

不能改变原句的合理意思和重心

C A question is whether…强调问题的内容，而原句的基本含义是：the question is irrelevant（问题是不重要的）。所以，C改变了原句的合理重心。

代词指代

BE 代词they没有指代对象，错。

SC6.8.         Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods could help reverse blockage of coronary arteries, the blood vessels that feed the heart.

A.     Despite no proof that the consumption of any particular foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods could

B.      Despite no foods having been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries when consumed, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can

C.      Although the consumption of no particular foods have been proved to reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refrain from eating certain foods could

D.     Although not proved that the consumption of any foods reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can

E.      Although it has not been proved that the consumption of any particular food will reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can

Answer:

主谓一致

A proof的同位语从句中，单数主语consumption与谓语动词reverse主谓不一致。

C although状语从句中，单数主语consumption与复数谓语动词have been proved主谓不一致。

D consumption与reverse主谓不一致。

-ing分词的完成时态

现在分词的完成时态不能作定语修饰名词。

B 现在分词的完成时态having been proved 作定语修饰foods，绝对错。

SC6.9.         As business grows more complex, students majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly successful in the job market.

A.     majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly

B.      who major in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are becoming more and more

C.      who majored in specialized areas such as those of finance and marketing are being increasingly

D.     who major in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming more and more

E.      having majored in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are being increasingly

Answer:

举例的表达方式

介词 like + 名词，表示比较，不能表示举例。

表示举例的表达方式：for instance / for example / whether it is X1 or X2 or X3 / such as。

AD 用like those of 表示举例，错。

C such as + 代词，错；正确用法：such as + n. / doing。

-ing分词的完成时态不能作定语修饰名词。

E having majored作定语修饰students，错。

时态判断

as从句使用一般现在时（意为“随着商业日趋复杂”），主句内容表达了这种趋势下所产生的结果。

AD 主句为完成时，表示主句动作发生在as从句以前，逻辑关系不合理。

实义动词不能随意省略、添加或改变

CE省略了原句的谓语动词become，实义动词become强调变化与发展的过程，CE中的be动词强调事物所处的状态。

SC6.10.     As many as 300 of the 720 paintings attributed to Rembrandt may actually be the works of his students or other admirers.

A.     the 720 paintings attributed to Rembrandt may

B.      the 720 paintings attributed to be Rembrandt’s might

C.      the 720 paintings that were attributed to be by Rembrandt may

D.     the 720 Rembrandt printings that were once attributed to him might

E.      Rembrandt’s paintings, although 720 were once attributed to him, may

Answer:

词的位置

词的位置决定词的作用，决定词的形式。

BC attributed to be / do…永远错，因为to是介词，后面必须跟名词，不能跟动词。

分词短语作定语与定语从句作定语的区别

同等情况下，-ed分词短语作定语比定语从句that / which / who be –ed作定语更简洁。

CD that定语从句修饰 paintings不简洁。

不能改变原句的合理意思

E 随意添加转折词although，转折关系强加，改变原句的合理意思。

SC6.11.     A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.

A.     supporting the theory of global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact that

B.      supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact

C.      that supports the theory of global forest fires that were ignited by a meteorite impact and that

D.     in support of the theory that global forest fires were ignited by a meteorite impact and that

E.      of support for the theory of a meteorite impact that ignited global forest fires and

Answer:

定语从句修饰对象的合理性

原句主语…study of ancient clay deposits表明，the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures 与global forest fires有更直接的因果关系，所以定语从句that contributed to…修饰global forest fires更合理。

A 定语从句that contributed to…就近修饰a meteorite impact，错。

D 定语从句that contributed to..只能修饰the theory，the theory contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures 逻辑意思不合理；此外，and前的that从句为同位语从句，and后的that从句为定语从句，功能不同，不能并列。

E 定语从句that ignited global forest fires and contributed to…就近修饰a meteorite impact，其中，a meteorite impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures逻辑意思不合理；sth. of support for sth. 不符合习惯搭配，永远错。

-ing分词短语作定语和定于从句作定语的区别

-ing分词短语作定语强调动作的多次性、重复性和客观性，无明确时间概念；定语从句作定语强调动作的一次性，具体时间的具体行为。

C evidence对theory的support 行为具有多次性、重复性和客观性，不能使用定语从句that supports the theory 强调support行为的一次性。

SC6.12.     Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art with having had a strong influence on his work.

A.     with having had

B.      for its having

C.      to have had

D.     for having

E.      in that it had

Answer:

习惯用法

sth. be credit with / to(介词)；sb. credit sth. with / to(介词) sth.

BDE credit for / in 永远错。

C 介词to后面不能加动词