Sample Questions:

SC5.1.         In the 1950’s astronomers were divided between those who believed the universe began in a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) with those who favored the model of an eternal and infinite steady-state universe.

 

A.     universe began in a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) with

B.      universe began with a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) and

C.      universe had a beginning a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) or

D.     universe’s beginning was a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) or

E.      universe’s beginning was a cosmic explosion (the “big bang”) against

 

Answer:

平行结构

习惯搭配：between…and…

A between…with…永远错。

CD between …or… 永远错

E between…against…永远错

                    

SC5.2.         The key to control over the Eurasian steppes lay in the nomad’s ability to use the horse both as a means of transport but also as an effective military tool.

 

A.     but also as

B.      or as

C.      and as

D.     or

E.      and also

 

Answer:

平行结构

both…and…前后形式必须对称：use the horse both as…and as…

                    

SC5.3.         Biologists believe that they have found one of the substances that tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain quiescent in the earliest phases of an embryo’s development.

 

A.     tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain

B.      tell individual genes both at which time they should become active or should remain

C.      tells individual genes both when to become active or remain

D.     tells individual genes both when to become active or when to remain

E.      will tell an individual gene both about when it should become active and remain

 

Answer:

平行结构

both…and…前后形式要对称

BCD both…or…搭配错。

E both + 介词短语 + and + 动词，形式不对称；此外，将来时态will tell 没有理由成立。

                    

SC5.4.         The psychologist William James believed that facial expressions not only provide a visible sign of an emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself.

 

A.     emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself

B.      emotion but also actually contributing to the feeling itself

C.      emotion but also actually contribute to the feeling itself

D.     emotion; they also actually contribute to the feeling of it

E.      emotion; the feeling itself is also actually contributed to by them

 

Answer:

习惯用法

not only … but also…前后必须使用对称形式。

ADE 都没有使用not only… but also…的习惯搭配。

B not only do but also doing，平行结构前后形式不对称

                    

SC5.5.         Slips of the tongue do not necessarily reveal concealed beliefs or intentions but rather are the result from the competition between various processing mechanisms in the brain.

 

A.     but rather are the result from

B.      and instead are the result from

C.      being rather the result of

D.     and rather result from

E.      but rather result from

 

Answer:

平行结构

习惯搭配not…but rather…，not… but…前后形式要对称，概念要对等。

be动词和实义动词形式上不能对称。

                    

SC5.6.         Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea’s aid in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help.

 

A.     in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help

B.      in healing physical and mental ills and to thank her for helping

C.      in healing physical and mental ills, and thanking her for helping

D.     to heal physical and mental ills or to thank her for such help

E.      to heal physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help

 

Answer:

平行结构

either…or…前后形式要对称。

BC either…and…搭配错。

D either doing or to do前后形式不对称。

习惯用法

aid作为名词，aid in doing sth. / aid to doing sth. （to作为介词）；aid作为及物动词，aid sb.；aid作为不及物动词，aid in doing sth.。

E aid作为名词，aid to heal ills 搭配错。

                    

SC5.7.         Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their won plan for states without adequate regulations.

 

A.     that they enforce their

B.      for enforcing their

C.      they should enforce their

D.     it should enforce its

E.      to enforce its

 

Answer:

平行结构

either…or…标志着用平行结构，前后必须使用对称的形式。

A either to do or + that 从句，错。

B either to do or for doing，错。

CD either to do or + 句子，错。

                    

SC5.8.         The most common reasons for an employee’s unwillingness to accept a transfer are that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and the difficulty of selling the old home.

 

A.     that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and the difficulty of selling the old home

B.      that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and that it is difficult to sell the old home

C.      high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and the old home is difficult to sell

D.     high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and it is difficult to sell the old home

E.      high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and the difficulty of selling the old home

 

Answer:

平行结构形式要对称

A 表语从句总，句子1，句子2，and名词短语，形式不对称。

B 表语从句中，句子1，句子2，and that从句，形式不对称。

C 谓语动词are后面是两个名词短语和表语从句并列，形式不对称。

D 谓语后市两个名词短语和完整句子并列，形式不对称。

                    

SC5.9.         Monitoring heart patients’ exercise, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

 

A.     Monitoring heart patients’ exercise, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

B.      Monitoring the exercise of heart patients, as well as athletes exercising, is now done by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

C.      Small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines are now used to monitor the exercise of both heart patients and athletes.

D.     Broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines, small transmitters are now used to monitor heart patients’ exercise, as well as athletes exercising.

E.      Both athletes exercising and heart patients’ exercise are now monitored by small transmitters broadcasting physiological measurements to nearby recording machines.

 

Answer:

平行结构

as well as和both…and…，前后形式要对称，概念要对等。

ABD as well as 前后exercise 与exercising形式不对称。

E both…and…前后exercising 与exercise形式不对称。

永远错误的形式

AB doing sth. is done by sb.永远错，doing和 done意思上重复。

不能改变原句的合理重心

原句broadcasting放在名词后作定语修饰transmitters。

D broadcasting放在句首作状语，改变原句合理重心。

                    

SC5.10.     A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.

 

A.     flames spreading

B.      flames spreads

C.      flames are caused to spread

D.     causing flames to spread

E.      causing spreading of the flames

 

Answer:

平行结构形式要对称

A 名词fames和and前的-ing分词短语不对称。

BC 主谓结构和and前的-ing分词短语不对称。

习惯用法

E cause doing永远错，习惯搭配为：cause sb. to do…。

                    

SC5.11.     Some biographers have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank at all.

 

A.     have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank

B.      not only have disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also over whether he drank

C.      have disputed not only the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also whether he may not have drunk

D.     not only have disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether or not he had drank

E.      have disputed the common notion not only that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he may not have drunk

 

Answer:

平行结构形式要对称

not only …but also…平行结构，前后形式必须对称。

B not only + 名词，but also + 介词，形式不对称。

C not only + 名词，but also + 从句，形式不对称。

E not only + that从句，but also + 动词，形式不对称。

简洁性原则

CE whether he may not have done表达累赘，应直接用whether + 肯定句。

D whether or not 故意复杂化，or not必须省略。

                    

SC5.13.         Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka are concentrated in the monsoon months, June to September, and the skies are generally clear for the rest of the year.

 

A.     Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka

B.      Unlike the United States farmers who can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka

C.      Unlike those of the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, most parts of Sri Lanka’s rains

D.     In comparison with the United States, whose farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka

E.      In the United States, farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, but in most parts of Sri Lanka the rains

 

Answer:

比较结构

Unlike X1, X2 do…：比较对象之间要有可比性。

ABD the United States和the rains比较对象概念不对等。

C those指代重复的名词 parts，parts of the United States 和parts of rains比较对象概念不对等。

                    

SC5.14.         Unlike a funded pension system, in which contributions are invested to pay future beneficiaries, a pay-as-you-go approach is the foundation of Social Security.

 

A.     a pay-as-you-go approach is the foundation of Social Security

B.      the foundation of Social Security is a pay-as-you-go approach

C.      the approach of Social Security is pay-as-you-go

D.     Social Security’s approach is pay-as-you-go

E.      Social Security is founded on a pay-as-you-go approach

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

Unlike X1, X2 is sth.：比较对象概念要对等。

ACD system（系统）和approach（方法）不属于同一类概念，没有可比性。

B system（系统）和foundation（基础）两者概念不对等，不能构成比较。

                    

SC5.15.         Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than the wages of other salaried workers.

 

A.     Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than

B.      The percentage of senior executives’ pay increase in 1990 was larger than for

C.      The 1990 increase in pay for senior executives was larger in terms of percentage than

D.     In 1990 senior executives had a larger pay increase in terms of percentage than did

E.      The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

A sb. had a larger percentage increase than sth.，sb.和sth.没有可比性。

B the percentage of sth. was larger than for sth.，比较对象形式不对称。

C the increase was larger than the wages，increase和wages没有可比性

D sb. had a larger percentage increase than did sth.，sb.和sth.没有可比性

                    

SC5.16.         Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel.

 

A.     less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel

B.      fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do

C.      less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel

D.     fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel

E.      less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel

 

Answer:

比较对象概念要对等

AB 物质名词vehicles与动作性名词(the) burning没有可比性。

CD vehicles与gasoline or diesel fuel 不是属于同一类概念的名词，无法进行比较

less of 的修饰对象

emit less of pollutants, less of向前修饰动词emit，而不是向后修饰名词pollutants。

比较从句中的代词those

比较从句中，those代替作为比较对象的重复名词vehicles，burning gasoline or diesel fuel分词短语作定语修饰those。

                    

SC5.17.         Unlike the lives of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, subjects of other Troyat biographies, Chekhov belongs to the twentieth century, an age of fretfulness and melancholy skepticism.

 

A.     Unlike the lives of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, subjects of other Troyat biographies, Chekhov belongs

B.      Chekhov, unlike the other Troyat biographies of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs

C.      The life of Chekhov, unlike the lives of the subjects of other Troyat biographies, Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs

D.     Chekhov and his life, unlike that of the other Troyat biographies—Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belong

E.      The life of Chekhov, unlike that of other Troyat biographies of Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, and Dostoevski, belongs

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

A lives of…与Chekhov比较对象不对等。

B Chekhov与biographies不对等。

D Chekhov and his life与that of the other Troyat biographies不对等，并且that无法指代subject，只能指代life，“传记的生活”，逻辑意思不合理。

E that of other Troyat biographies，that指代life，“传记的生活”，逻辑意思不合理。

                    

SC5.18.         Unlike other arachnids, which have their nerve cells evenly distributed along their bodies, the scorpion nerve cells are clustered in its head, like a mammal’s.

 

A.     bodies, the scorpion nerve cells are clustered in its head, like a mammal’s

B.      bodies, the scorpion’s head had a cluster of nerve cells, as a mammal does

C.      body, the scorpion has a cluster of nerve cells in its head, as a mammal does

D.     body, nerve cells are clustered in the scorpion’s head, like a mammal’s

E.      body, a cluster of nerve cells is in the scorpion’s head, like a mammal’s

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

ADE arachnids和nerve cells / a cluster of nerve cells没有可比性。

B arachnids和head没有可比性。

                    

SC5.19.         In contrast to true hibernators such as woodchucks and hedgehogs, whose body temperatures drop close to the freezing point during the winter months, the body temperature of bears remains nearly normal throughout their prolonged sleep.

 

A.     the body temperature of bears remains nearly normal

B.      a nearly normal body temperature is maintained by bears

C.      a bear’s body temperature remains nearly normal

D.     a bear maintains a body temperature that is nearly normal

E.      bears maintain a nearly normal body temperature

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

ABC true hibernators与the body temperature没有可比性。

D temperature that is normal表达不简洁，用normal temperature替换。

                    

SC5.20.         Ranked as one of the most important of Europe’s young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz has written forty plays; his works—translated into over thirty languages—are produced more often than any contemporary German dramatist.

 

A.     than any

B.      than any other

C.      than are any

D.     than those of any other

E.      as are those of any

 

Answer:

比较对象对等

ABC 比较对象是his works作品和dramatist剧作家，两者概念不同，不能进行比较。

习惯用法

E more…as搭配错误，应改为more…than。

                    

SC5.21.         Chicago, where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city, was plagued by labor troubles like the Pullman Strikes of 1894.

 

A.     where industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city

B.      which had industrial growth in the nineteenth century more rapid than that of other American cities

C.      which had growth industrially more rapid than any other American city in the nineteenth century

D.     whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than any other American city

E.      whose industrial growth in the nineteenth century was more rapid than that of any other American city

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

AD industrial growth与any other American city之间没有可比性。

形容词的使用

BC 原句汇总的形容词rapid作表语，但在BC选项中改作定语，错。此外，C选项将原句中的形容词industrial改为副词industrially，定语变成状语，错。

                    

SC5.22.     Like John McPhee’s works, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works an interesting and complete would out of hundreds of tiny details about a seemingly uninteresting subject.

 

A.     Like John McPhee’s works, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works

B.      Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie’ works painstakingly assemble

C.      Like John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works

D.     Just as John McPhee’s, so Ann Beattie’ works painstakingly assemble

E.      Just as John McPhee, Ann Beattie painstakingly assembles in her works

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

Like X1, X2 do sth.：比较对象X1和X2必须对等。

A John McPhee’s works和Ann Beattie概念不对等

B John McPhee和Ann Beattie’s works概念也不对等。

习惯用法

DE just as + 名词，表示作为…，不表示比较。

修饰语位置的改变

in her works作状语，本应放在句尾，但房子句尾可能作定语修饰subject，为了避免引起争议，将in her works提前。

                     

SC5.23.     Like Byron at Missolonghi, Jack London was slowly killed by the mistakes of the medical men who treated him.

 

A.     Like Byron

B.      Like Byron’s death

C.      Just as Byron died

D.     Similar to Byron

E.      As did Byron

 

Answer:

比较对象之间要有可比性

Like X1, X2(主句主语)…：X1和X2必须是同一类事物。

B death（死亡）与Jack London（人）无法比较。

C Byron died表示主动含义，未划线的主句Jack London was killed表示含被动含义，两者无法比较。

习惯用法

D similar to在句首永远错，应该用like替换；similar to的习惯用法：X1 similar to X2（与X2相似的X1，similar to 作定语修饰X1）；X1 is similar to X2（similar to作表语）。

比较从句的省略

比较从句谓语与主句谓语相同，可用do，did或does替代。

E as did Byron，did无法代替主句中的be动词。

                    

SC5.24.     In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent o the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.

 

A.     as well as for men

B.      as well as the men

C.      and men too

D.     and men as well

E.      and also men

 

Answer:

比较对象形式要对称

for women决定了比较对象必须是for + 名词的形式，只有A符合形式对称的要求。

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