主谓一致

1.  代词的指代一致

指向同一指代对象的代词的单复数要保持一致，根据未画线部分来判断。

Found throughout Central and South America, the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping 15 hours a day and moving so infrequently that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.

2.  定语从句中的主谓一致

1）  名词1 of 名词2 + that verb

先利用逻辑关系判断出that引导的定语从句修饰名词1还是名词2，再根据修饰对象判断动词的单复数形式。

2）  （only/but） one of 复数名词 + that verb（复数）

That is only one of those books that are worth reading.

3）  the （only） one of 复数名词 + that verb（单数）

He is the only one of the students that has got full mark.

3.  倒装结构中的主谓一致

1）  在there be A and B句型中，由靠近be的A来决定be的单复数

There is a lot of nice food, drinks and a big cake on the table.

2）  在全倒装结构中，动词单复数由谓语后面的主语决定

This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.

3）  在部分倒装结构中，主语前的助动词单复数由主语决定

Out of America’s fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

4.  主语从句做主语时的主谓一致

主语从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但what和who等引导的主语从句含有复数含义时，动词可用复数形式。

The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.

5.  each相关的主谓一致

1）  复数名词/复数代词 + each + verb，谓语动词用复数

They each have got a medal for their deeds.

2）  each of 复数名词 + verb，谓语动词用单数

Each of us has a nice pencil-box.

6.  物质名词的主谓一致

物质名词做主语，谓语动词用单数：equipment，stone，citrus，iron，milk，dioxin

The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit. (OG12-77)

7.  数词相关的主谓一致

    数词 + 单位词复数 + of + 不可数名词/物质名词，谓语动词用复数形式

8.  学科名词的主谓一致

    学科名词做主语，谓语动词用单数，但是，统计学（statistics）做“统计数据”讲，经济学（economics）做“经济政策”讲时，谓语动词用复数。

9.  以-s结尾名称的主谓一致

    以-s结尾的疾病、国家名称或机构名称，谓语动词用单数。

10. or、but、either、neither等连接主语的主谓一致

    谓语动词的单复数由B决定：A or B，not A but B，either A or B，A nor B，not only A but also B，neither A nor B

11. with、including、as well as、besides等修饰主语的主谓一致

谓语动词的单复数由A决定：A with B / A，including B / A as well as B / A，together B / A，along B / A，no less than B / A，more than B / A besides B / A except B

12. 主语中有插入成分的主谓一致

    “A，举例短语（such as）/分词短语/介词短语/同位语/不定式等插入成分，谓语动词”结构中，谓语动词单复数由A决定。

13. no修饰主语时的主谓一致

    “no + 名词”结构做主语时，由名词的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

    No job has more influence on the future of the world.

    No letters survive from this early period.

14. part、most、all、some、分数相关的主谓一致

谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定：part of n. / most of n. / all of n. / some of n. / 分数或百分数 of n. / the rest of n.

15. a body/collection/array/series相关的主谓一致

    谓语动词用单数：a body/collection/array/series/set/portion/group/ of 复数名词

16. a/the total/number/average相关的主谓一致

1）  a total of 复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数

2）  the number of 复数名词做主语，用单数；a number of 复数名词做主语，用复数

3）  the average of 复数名词做主语，用单数；a average of 复数名词做主语，用复数

17. neither做主语时的主谓一致

neither做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

18. 不定式和分词做主语时的主谓一致

不定式或者-ing分词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

19. 几分之一做主语时的主谓一致

    one in/out of 复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

    two/three in/out of 复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式