【转载】从92到108——附备考时间表和个人习作

什锦河

本来很早就考完了，一直没有空下来写一篇经验。三次成绩是：第一次26+21+20+25，第二次30+22+18+22，第三次30+26+22+30。在这里声明，本人非牛人，从第一次和第二次的成绩就能看出来。因此在这篇经验总结中最想分享的是，只要按照正确的方法努力就一定可以攻破托福。

(二) 单词

单词的重要性应该不用过多赘述了。可以说高词汇量是突破托福的首要基础。如果有人跑过来跟你说“同学不需要背单词也可以得高分”，那么请你回他一句“呵呵”，再默念一句“我去年买了个表”。试想，如果连一个句子中的关键单词都不认识，又怎么能够分析句子成分，又怎么能够理解句子的逻辑，又怎么能够运用那些虚无缥缈的考试技巧？所以，同学当你感到沮丧、不安或者不想看书的时候，去背单词吧。

(三) 阅读

从本人两次成绩上来看，阅读的成绩是最稳定也是最好的。这可能和本人中小学的英语教育有关。当时在中高考不考听力的政策下，阅读理解是英语学习的全部。

因为托福阅读结构性很好，而且题目并不需要考生对文章的理解和推敲，因此题目还是有些方法去把握的。做阅读题不需要通读全文。阅读题目的出题点都会有明确的标示，题目不会超出定位句的前后两句。在做题的时候首先通过题目中的关键词进行定位，找到题目出处之后，将定位句的意思理解清楚。如果仍然找不到答案，则阅读定位句之前和之后的句子。一般（90%的情况）做到这样，就可以得到题目的答案。这时有的同学可能会担心，如果不阅读全文那么最后一道题目遗漏什么信息怎么办？这个我想大家不必担心，依照我个人做题的经验，通过之前的11或12道题目基本都可以都将一篇文章的意思理解清楚。实在是有些不确定的信息，也可以再做最后一道题目的时候再回到原文去判断。

复习阅读的材料这次只做过OG和TPO。原来做文勇黄金阅读感觉不错，后来发现就是TPO……

(四) 听力

之前也提到了，当年英语考试没有听力，因此长久以来听力一直是横亘在我面前的两大困难之一（另一个是口语）。

在上XDF的时候上的是小马老师的课。至今我还记得那句“听写是提高听力的唯一途径”！第一次和第二次考试也是一直是将这句话奉为至理名言，也导致了我个人听力成绩的惨淡。首先要声明的是听写的确是提高听力的一个很好的方法。但是这个方法有一个弊端，很大的弊端就是——累，很累。我个人听写一篇老托福，并且完全校对大概要花去半个小时到一个小时的时间。而且一般准备托福的大部分都是大学生，平时课程压力也挺大的。这时候每天听写个2-3篇并且在准备托福的其他项目，那种无可名状的绝望感真的让人崩溃。也可能是自己并没有一个学霸的心，更没有一个学霸的身子。

其实，如果想获得还算过的去的听力成绩（比如26），完全不必要采用听写这个方法的。因为托福听力的内容很局限，并不是真正的考察一个人的听力水平有多高。这时候，听得“精”的作用就不如听得“多”的作用来的大了。前两次因为听写，最后真正做题的数量少的可怜，也导致了再考场上捉襟见肘。当然，这里的“多”并不是指听得不认真，只是不像听写那么认真罢了。个人建议一篇采用5遍听力法。第一遍听完做题目，第二遍听不懂的单词，第三遍听句子，第四遍听段落大意，然后对照文本将之前的问题全部纠正，即分析错题、查询不懂的单词、句子和段落大意，最后再听一遍看看还有什么遗漏。经过这样5遍听力，一篇文章基本的就可以算是掌握了。平时没事的时候把TPO音频放到手机里多听一听都有好处的。

听力资料就是用了TPO，其中错题率高的几篇做了2-3遍。至于大家大为赞叹的SSS，听过几篇，但是感觉和托福题目内容相差较大就很少再听了。

什锦河

(五) 口语

口语一直是我托福考试中的一大阻碍，三次考试最高22分。第一次托福考试一直在纠结语音语调，对于内容上没做太多练习，结果导致很多题目都没有说完。第二次准备得更加不充分，独立题目得到了Limited……第三次稍微好一点。这里我想说的是，做口语题一定要限时练习，一定要录音练习。可能刚开始感觉很受挫，但是会越说越有感觉。虽然三次成绩都不甚理想，但是个人还是感觉第三次明显好于前两次的。

口语的资料看了很多，张涵老师的那本《托福口语看这本书就够了》挺好的，讲得比较细致。备考材料是，独立——机经，综合——TPO。

P.S. 考试的时候回答的声音一定要充足。

(六) 写作

从这三次考试成绩来看，提升最明显的应该就是写作了。之前也写过一点关于独立写作的文章。这里再谈一谈如何去突破托福写作。

1. 综合写作

综合写作的重点在于听力。也就是说，只要能把握住听力的内容，综合写作的成绩肯定是高分。这里同学们就无需纠结语言、模板什么的了，只要能如实反映听力和阅读中的内容就可以。相对于听力题目，综合写作的听力应该稍微简单一点，毕竟之前会看一部分阅读材料，只需要在听之前先自己构思下听力可能会出现的内容就很容易把握了。

综合写作的资料就是用了TPO。

2. 独立写作

在OG第209页给出了独立写作的评分标准，这里只摘录5分的标准。

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

·Effectively addresses the topic and task
·Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details
·Displays unity, progression and coherence
·Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors

从这一段的描述中我们可以发现一片好的独立作文的关键原则有——在内容上，有清晰的解释、事例或细节支撑；在结构上，文章要统一、渐进和连贯；在语言上，选词要正确、句子要富有变化。因此只要把握住这几个原则，很容易写出高分作文。

(1) 单词和语法

托福作文对单词的要求并不是很高，但是一定要注意单词的拼写不能出现大规模的错误。建议平时同学们练习完之后，将作文复制到Word里边查一下拼写错误，并且记住那些常常会拼错的单词，力争在考场上减少单词的拼写错误。

对于语法结构，托福并没有很高的要求。只需要在写作中适当添加几个从句基本上就足够了。当然如果使用更高级的结构如倒装、独立主格等等是更好的。和单词一样，对于句子的运用只要不出现规模的错误、不影响阅读就是成功的。

(2) 分论点的论证

分论点的论证是整篇文章的核心部分。一篇高分的独立作文一定是论证到位，内容充实的。而要做到“论证到位”和“内容充实”则就需要合理的论证。我想很多同学困惑的一个问题就是——“为什么总感觉没有内容可写？”这是很多同学都会碰到的问题。这里我想介绍两个我本人常用的方法——举例论证和对比论证。

举例论证

举例论证是大家最常用的论证方法也是最容易忽视的论证方法。一个好的例子可以使得一篇文章生动、形象、富有画面感。

On the other hand, sports compose of an indispensable part of lives of young people, especially of children who are growing into adults. For children, physical sports benefit not only their health but also their growth, especially in this society where children are over exposed to junk food such as fried chicken and hamburgers. According to data from health centers in thousands of cities, there are more and more children who suffer from obesity due to unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercises. This obesity would not only affect children’s health but also influence children’s confidence negatively. For example, when I was in my primary school, I was overweight. Because of the large body, I could not run fast and jump far in the physical education class, which depressed me a lot. After I lost my weight through physical exercises, I regained self-confidence and enjoyed playing outdoors with my friends.

例如这一段中，我想证明的是“肥胖不仅影响孩子们的健康而且影响孩子们的自信心”。之后我就举了一个关于自己小时候的例子。从表述这个例子语言来看，并没有十分高级的词汇和复杂的句型，仅仅是将小时候的状态描述了一下。然而就是通过这样的一个身边例子的运用，之前的论点就得到了强有力的论证。所以，各位同学在练习托福作文的时候，不要仅仅关注名人的例子而忽视身边的例子。一个可以支撑论点的例子就是一个好的例子、好的细节、好的论据。我们所做的只是用恰当的语言将其表述出来就可以了。

对比论证

对比论证的用处在于当正面的论述开始乏力的时候从另外一个角度补充说明。使用对比论证最直观的一个效果就是增加篇幅，而其深层次的作用是使论证更加完整。依然以上边一段为例。

After I lost my weight through physical exercises, I regained self-confidence and enjoyed playing outdoors with my friends.

这一句话就从反面证明了运动的重要性，而且丰富了例子，增加了论证的完整性。

对比论证常常可以通过假设来提出对立面。例如下边这个例子，通过if引出反面的不利后果来证明正面的正确性。

First of all, politeness promotes, rather than impedes, the efficiency of normal living by serving to keep and maintain order in people’s lives. Everyone in the society cannot live apart from others. So order would help people to conduct and complete missions easily while disorder would prevent people from finishing them. Consider the transportation which would be fluent if drivers would show respect and politeness to each other and keep going on their own lanes. Otherwise if all drivers had, regardless of others, jumped queues in order to get on their destinations faster, the traffic would have been congested and the result would have gone contrary to drivers’ wishes.

只要同学们可以在文章中很好的使用举例论证和对比论证，文章很容易写得论证有力、生动形象。

(3) 布局谋篇

一般托福独立作文都会要求考生就一个话题阐述自己的观点。结构上来说文章可以完全支持话题的一个方面，也可以部分支持话题。这里我强烈推荐“2+1”或“1+2”式的论证结构，即2段支持性段落+1段让步段落。这样写的好处在于可以将话题论证的更加完整，而且容易寻找分论点。毕竟，在两个方面寻找3个分论点比在一个方面寻找3个分论点要轻松。当然这个没有定论，如果同学可以就一个方面找出3个论点或者2个论点但是有把握写得很充实，也可以采用“一边倒”式的写法。

在这篇经验的最后会附上几篇习作供大家参考、讨论。

(七) 机经

这里也想谈一谈机经的作用。个人感觉口语的独立部分和独立作文还是挺有帮助的。在准备的时候可以重点看一下这些部分。这部分主要是检查下有没有自己不熟悉的话题，如果有尽早准备。毕竟如果在考场上看到一个陌生的题目会造成很大的心理影响。这也是我开这家店的一部分原因，毕竟这部分资料对于广大的托福考生来说还是有一定帮助的。当然突破托福主要还是依靠实力，有了机经的辅佐，成功率会提升一些。

什锦河

(八) 一个月复习计划表

第三次考试准备了一个月，这里将时间表提供给大家以供参考。

8:00——9:00
背单词，红宝书，参照记忆曲线。
9:10——10:10
一套TPO阅读
10:20——11:00
检查阅读中的错误，分析错误原因
11:00——11:30
背单词，随便翻一翻
12:00——13:30
午休
14:00——15:00
一套TPO听力
15:10——17:00
五遍听力法复习
18:00——20:00（开始前10篇）
18:00——19:00（之后计时写作）
两篇写作
20:00——21:00
19:00——20:00
修改作文，这里不仅仅是检查单词，更要看文章的表述和结构是否到位，而且要记录下好的例子和论证语言
21:00——22:00
20:00——22:00
练习口语，实在想不出来怎么说就照着机经答案背诵

最后想说的是只要按照正确的方法去努力准备，攻克托福是没有问题的！

什锦河

习作1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is more important for government to spend money improving Internet access than improving public transportation.

Both Internet access and public transportation contribute to the prosperity of society and the convenience of individuals. If we have to discuss which one the government should invest more, I would like to argue that public transportation should be supported more by the government financially, although Internet is the sign of modern society.

Admittedly, Internet has benefited human beings by revolutionizing the way by which we communicate with others. Internet has become a crucial instrument upon which we depend to study, to work and to enjoy our lives. Every day, we check out our e-mail box to receive information from others and send e-mail to discuss working affairs. Now we buy goods on the Internet and we watch sports games or videos on the Internet. Apparently, the faster and richer the Internet is, the more convenient and more interesting our lives will be. By the powerful Internet, for instance, we are able to discuss important issues from a very far distance by the video meeting and we are able to watch films on home rather than going to cinema.

Although a better Internet access has its merits, the statement overestimates its importance by concluding from them that government should pay more attention to and invest more on the Internet access. Nevertheless, as I see it, government should serve and care about the majority of people. In my country, a developing one, the people who use the Internet concentrate in the city and more people live in rural areas cannot afford a computer which is the essential device to use the Internet. The major reason for the poverty of the people living in countries, especially those in mountains, is that no road reaches their villages. So prior to the Internet in importance is public transportation which should be built by the government to bring the agricultural products out from the villages into the market and bring the advanced education and technology into those rural areas. Without the thorough public transportation, hardly can people in poor countries foresee a bright and prosperous future, let alone the Internet.

In addition, even in cities, relatively advanced area, it is important for the government to improve the public transportation. Accompanying with the continuing urbanization, more and more people swarm into cities, especially some metropolises. Even with the taxi, bus, and subway, Beijing, for example, has a very poor traffic condition. There are traffic congestions almost every day. The main factor contributing to this situation lies in that many people choose private cars rather than public transportation because of the crowd on the bus and on the subway. It is really a waste of time and a ruin of mood to be stuck in a traffic jam. If the government improved public transportation by increasing more buses and subway lines, more people would be attracted by the convenient and comfortable public transportation and the whole condition of traffic would be better. On the other hand, the Internet has satisfied people very well and enhance of it does not mean much to the public. So I would prefer a better public transportation rather than a better Internet.

In sum, although a better Internet access would be beneficial, the government should care about the demand of most people who live in countryside and the public transportation in cities also should be improved.

什锦河

习作2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Printed books have greater effects on society than television has.

People are surrounded by printed books and television everyday which act very important roles in providing us with knowledge and information. When it comes to the discussion that which one possesses greater effects on our society, I fundamentally agree with the statement that books influence us more.

Admittedly, television has changed our society by the new fast way to spread information. Every day we open the television to know what is happening in the world and what is happening around us. From the television, we know who has just won a gold medal in Olympic Games, which team, Spurs or Heats, has just won the NBA finals and what the weather is tomorrow. In addition, television provides us with many live and interesting teleplays and films which bring laughter when we are in a leisure time. The Big Bang Theory and The Broken Girls are two of my favorite teleplays whose interesting and humorous plots give me a lot of fun when I want to enjoy myself after class.

Although the influence of television on society is great, when compared to that of printed books, I still hold the opinion that printed books impose greater effects on our society. By recording and passing on the wisdom of authors, books have been playing an indispensible role in affecting the world since their emergence. The Bible is the book which has given millions of people the faith to the God and helped them to get the hope of lives. The series of Harry Porter has brought thousands of children and even adults into the magic world which is full of imagination. Although some teleplays or films also reflect the same theme of books, apparently they have never reached so many audiences as the printed books have.

In addition, compared to the relatively narrow range of themes provided by the television, the books included all kinds of fields, from philosophy to literature and from astronomy to geology. Thanks to books, the printed wisdom and talent of masters, we are able to appreciate the love between Romeo and Juliet, the history of our nation, the advanced conception of relativity. Moreover, tremendous kinds of articles and journals, such as Nature and Science, indicate the most cutting-edge science and technology which are seldom displayed on television. For example, for the bridge engineering, the most advanced construction technologies, including increment launching construction, are mainly reported on periodicals while rarely shown on television because other than the professional, little number of people would be interested in such subject. However, these technologies are very important for bridge engineering and only the technological journals are responsible for spreading these crucial technologies which would benefit the whole society by providing methods to construct bridges.

In sum, although television offer news and entertainment for the public, the large amount of readers and the wide range of fields of printed books reveal that books affects greater than television does.

风信子花开

many thanks

Tracy~

many thanks

餐厅里的小柯南

thanks for sharing

grade

many thanks

youjiandan

我来看看学习经验