og中三题，关于介词in的用法，in是可有可无的么

chaos1026

The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm's external environment and internal conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide on a strategy.

A.conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide
B.conditions, and they use the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses in deciding
C.conditions and, in using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, deciding
D.conditions and, using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, decide
E.conditions and, in their use of the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, they decide

这里选项A和C都有in，但是og的解释并没有说多了介词in而排出，这里in是可有可无的么？
联想到另一题的未划线部分，In developing new facilities for the incineration of solid wastes,we must avoid the danger of shifting environmental problems from landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators.

A.landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators
B.landfills polluting the water to the air being polluted with incinerators
C.the pollution of water by landfills to the pollution of air by incinerators
D.pollution of the water by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air
E.water that is polluted by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air

开头有in，可是去掉in也读的顺，在语法上也没发现错误，这里的in也是可有可无的么？求赐教
In the textbook publishing business, the second quarter is historically weak, because revenues are low and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare for the coming school year.


A.low and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare

B.low and their marketing expenses are high as they prepare

C.low with higher marketing expenses in preparation

D.low, while marketing expenses are higher to prepare

E.low, while their marketing expenses are higher in preparation这题 C选项中的in又代表什么意思呢？
顺便问一句，A中的as是做什么成分修饰什么呢？

jessexuning

个人意见

这两个例子的都说的很好

in developing 和developing

个人感觉意思层面上的差异，后者更注重于we are involved in developing

而前者更注重是在某个方面，例如在“developing”的这个方面；但是我们是不是真正的developer？不知道

我还是觉得这两者的意思差别不是很大，实战肯定不会只考这个extremely subtle  difference

两个都能被看做noun modifier，实在是找不出什么split

可求后续高手

chaos1026

嗯嗯，谢谢哈，求后续高手

chaos1026

又想了下，还是没想懂，不过in貌似不是考点，下次看到再注意下，诶

wzwkb

The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm's external environment and internal conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide on a strategy.
这题考点主要是"and"
如果and, 则using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses作为插入成分，exmaine和decide并列，如正确选项
如果,and则需要和a firm's external environment and internal conditions并列，选项应体现名词成分，未发现有符合。

wzwkb

首先我觉得有没有in这个介词不能小看，直接左右解题；
In+Ving用法
if you say "subject + clause + IN Verbing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of Verbing.（In+Ving在句首的用法也一致）
i solved all the problems in OG13 in preparing for the GMAT.（意为：在.....过程中.....）
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.（逻辑推理过程solving problems——>preparing GMAT)
如果你明白上面的例子，第一道题就很好解决;
A/C/E都是对In+Ving的使用，而这里修饰的是整个句子，按照字面意思翻译就是：在设定客观标准过程中executives做了一个决策性决定；
而D选项using....作为noun modifier，按照字面意思翻译就是：设定客观标准的executives做了一个决策性决定；
句子翻译成中为始终比较别扭，不过可以理解；
最好还是从逻辑推理出发,到底是
usingthe set of objective criteria ——>decide on a strategy；
or
decide on a strategy——>usingthe set of objective criteria
显然是前者符合逻辑语义吧！
个人愚见
open to discuss～～～～～