题63篇的第一篇，有句话实在看不懂。。请指教！

veralove3271

新新题63篇的第一篇
Passage 1 (1/63)
(This passage was written in 1978.)



Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States

unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentagto figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.这句华怎么翻译阿，for 到底是做因为，还是做 对....而言
frustrating 的主语到底是谁阿

4.The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to



(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm



(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses



(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government



(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors（A）



(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

linmeimeiei

request for - large companys request small ones FOR estimates and bids...

veralove3271

谢谢. 大公司要求小公司给出estimates and bids, 所以逻辑上来说frustrate的人应该是小公司。。原因后面给出了(both consume time and resource.) . 但是据此去做下面的题目，还是没办法。 因为正确答案A中，frustrate的人是大公司，所以这句话
我感觉困惑的还是觉得它好像和上下文都没有关系，突然就来了这么一句，而其"The world of corporate purchasing"这中表达很奇怪。

Flnforever

对很多小企业家来说，大公司采购时往往要求小公司作出详尽、正式的评估和投标文件，这让他们感到很麻烦。

Flnforever

题干：如果大公司没有把给小公司的中标通知及时变成订单，会让分包商遭受哪些损失？

hanshipeng

我觉得cause it to 应该改成cause them to 这样就很明确了。

bobchowz

不对吧，应该就是 it，问的就是large的情况。因为这个题目是Infer题目，文中不可能明确给出答案，但是通过small的情况
The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs (who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids). Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
再通过之前的since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and 注意这个unlike，说明small和large 是不同情况，用排除法可以选出，B选项说的是small，肯定错，CDE明显跟本题关系不大。但是A选项中为什么还会有frustration我就不懂了，求大牛！！！

tulip37

for 是对小企业而言
主语是The world of corporate purchasing ，应该是这样，错了别怪我，不要讲究语法