[逻辑资料] O G 1 2 CR 分类

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题号与书中的序号一致所有分类都是先OG12综合再到og12版语文，所以每个分类后半部分题目题号又是从头开始的

一．MUST BE TRUE
题号：共4题 31,33,56,12

二．MAIN CONCLUSION：题号：共11题
26, 66，70,91,101,102,19,43,57，64，75

主旨题原意改写包括以下几种情况：

1、
题干和题干之间的比较，答案也是比较类型的原意改写。

2、
题干是A-B-C的推理，答案就是A-C的改写。

3、
题干是A-B，答案就是A或B的原意改写，或者是A-B的原意改写。

4、
数学相关的题目，往往由数字的表述改为比例、比较的论述。

5、
充分必要条件需要注意：原命题和对应的逆否命题都是正确的。及若A推出B，则非B也能推出非A。

6、
公共元素直推：把自己不懂的内容简单写到纸上。

因此，这类题的答案内容大部分都在原文出现过（或者为改写）。

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三．WEAKEN题号：共45题   1，5,15,23,30,35,36,40,45,60,63,73,75,83,87,90,81,88,96,104,111,114,116,118,120,123,4,5,11,15,16,18,20,22,24,26,27,31,41,46,47,49,50,80,81    （底灰色为未讲解题目）
依靠文章结构分类：
1、果因结构和因果结构：通过异因同果和同音异果进行削弱。
2、前提结论型：
3、首段目的型：

四．SUPPORT
题号：共47题6,11,13,21,25,32,42,51,53,65,67,68,82,94,100,103,107,109,113,115,119,121,2,6,8,9,14,17,21,23,28,29,32,33,35,45,51,53,55,58,59,62,68,69,71,77,82    （底灰色为未讲解题目）

五．ASSUMPTION题号：共23题20,28,43,48,50,58,71,76,78,84,93,95,106,110,112,7,34,44,52,56,63,67,76   

六．JUSTIFY THE CONCLUSIONH题号：14

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七
Paradox (Explanation)题号：共15题 8,9,18,22,24,46,59,62,80,92,98,60,61,72,73

题目：虽然1,所以2存在矛盾。选项：3。

整体：虽然1，但是3，所以2。或者因为3，所以1和2.

即正确选项：（1）与1兼容并导致2。（2）使1和2都成立。

干扰项：（1）和矛盾（1或2或两者）无关。 （2）与2相反或矛盾。

认清矛盾---排除无关---test（能够导致看似矛盾的结果，且与背景不冲突的其他因素。）

在看题目的时候要把前面分析的1和2提炼出来。准确找出矛盾双方。看选项的时候，错误地选项大部分是不相关，而不相关的选项中大部分会出现和矛盾无关的新事物。错误选项中还有一些是和2相反的。正确的选项要么是在兼容1的同时导致2，要么是同时导致1和2。记住这个逻辑关系：虽然1，但是3，所以2或者因为3，所以1和2。

八．METHOD OF REASONING（包括ROLE）题号：37,54,85,86

这种推理方法的题目，关键在于提炼出推理方法所对应的两部分内容。大部分时候，这两部分内容是一方反驳另一方被反驳，但是比如恐龙和蝙蝠的题目就不是反驳的关系，而是类比的关系。不管是什么关系，提炼出相关的两个内容，找共同点找差别，探究两者之间的逻辑关系。看选项时要很快能够判断出出现了题目中未出现信息的不相关选项。筛选出正确答案。

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九．FLAW IN THE REASONING题号：共9题3,4,19,52,105,36,39,79,83   
两种flaw：
1、        混淆概念：说的不是同一件事情却等价了。
2、        想当然：在不明白可行性的时候得出结论。

十．PARALLEL REASONING题号：54

十一．EVALUATION THE ARGUMENT题号：共17题2,7,12,27,39,44,49,69,72,74,108,3,40,42,54,66,70   
简单：通过关键词直接找出选项。通过逻辑关系选取关键词。错误地选项大部分都没有完全包含关键词，少量全部包含关键词的错误选项中会同时包含无关信息转移视线。
复杂：用符号翻译之后再用做简单题的方法。

十二．PRINCIPLE题号：55, 61

十三. Main point/Fill in blank题号：共14题16,34,38,41,47,57,99,10,13,25,37,38,65,78

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十四.Bold face 题号：共11题17,29,64,77,79,89,97,117,124,48,74   
两个考点：文字性质和论证方向
1、        文字的性质包括表示论证型的和表示观点型的。
表示观点类的总结词有：题目中的I think, conclude, it is likely, recommend, believe, there for, clearly that, justified, should be reject, it is reasonable；选项中的position, claim, judgment, opinion。
表示论证性质的词有：题目中的because, as, sine, for, thought, for example, for instance, if, when, the study shows； 选项中的contract, fact, background, information, consideration, circumstance, finding, evidence。
2、        论证方向包括与作者同方向及与作者反方向（however yet but nevertheless等强转折）
方法：做题的时候没有必要读懂题目的意思，要根据这些关键词从文中提炼出粗体字部分是论证还是结论，和作者所要表达的观点是相同还是相反，然后御用这些信息对选项进行筛选，一般就可以得到答案了。如果还无法得到答案再搞懂题目意思做。

X表示做错的题目；∆表示无把握做对的题目；↔表示推理链没写对的题目；Q表示没看懂题目

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一．MUST BE TRUE

看原文：共同结合点的，将其结合起来，看能推出什麽。如果没有结合点，记住信息。对原文有充分必要推理有的，找推理起点（或在原文，或在问题，或在选项），由起点列出推理链。用该推理链选项找答案。常考NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES和充分必要。

答案：是原文某句话的重写或逆否命题或某几句话的结合，特别是原文有充分必要推理的。特别注意数量上和可能性上的词的差别。对正确答案的预判：包含结论或推理中的关键词

TEST：FACT TEST。即选项的内容全部来之原文。

题号：共4题 31,33,56,12

[url=]31.[/url][c1] A company’s two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past three years: in each of those years, [url=]the pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.[/url][c2]
Which of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from the statement above?

[url=](A)[/url][c3] Total dollar sales for each of the company’s divisions have remained roughly constant.

(B) The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer[url=] competition [/url][c4] in its markets than has the chemicals division.

(C) The chemicals division has realized lower[url=] profits per dollar of sales[/url][c5] than has the pharmaceuticals division.
C

(D) The [url=]product mix [/url][c6] offered by each of the company’s divisions has remained unchanged.

(E)[url=] Highly profitable products[/url][c7] accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals divisions sales than those of the pharmaceuticals division’s.

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[c1]相关无关即可迅速排除得出答案

[c2]重要信息

[c3]文中讲的是百分比，不是total dollar sales。

[c4]无。

[c5]根据文章内容，药剂是20%和40%；化学相应就是80%和60%，该选项正确，药剂占较少的dollar sales 利润却更多。

[c6]无

[c7]无

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33.[url=] Advertisement: [/url][c1] Today’s customers expect high quality. [url=]Every advance in the quality of manufactured products raises customer expectations.[/url][c2] The company that is satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find that its customers are not. At MegaCorp, meeting or exceeding customer expectations is our goal.

Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?

(A) MegaCorp’s [url=]competitors[/url][c3] will succeed in attracting customers only if those competitors

adopt MegaCorp’s goal as their own.

(B) A company that does not[url=] correctly anticipate the expectations [/url][c4] of its customers is certain to fail in advancing the quality of its products.

(C) [url=]MegaCorp[/url]’s goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are

possible. C[c5]

(D) If a company becomes satisfied with the quality of its products, then the quality of its products is sure to[url=] decline.[/url][c6]

(E) MegaCorp’s [url=]customers are currently satisfie[/url][c7] d with the quality of its products.

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[c1]推理链：顾客注重质量         公司保持原产品质量将会发现顾客不再是这样的期望     所以满足或超出顾客的期望值是目标。

[c2]Reasoning

[c3]无

[c4]文中没有说要正确预测期望值，逆命题不对

[c5]关键词goal，advances全部来之于原文

[c6]无

[c7]无

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56.[url=] The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal services, the more lawyers there are who advertise their services, and the lawyers who advertise a specific service usually charge less for that service than the lawyers who do not advertise.[/url][c1] [url=]Therefore, [/url][c2] if the state removes any of its current restrictions, such as the one against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements, [url=]overall consumer legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current restrictions.[/url][c3]

If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true?

(A) Some lawyers who now advertise will [url=]charge more [/url][c4] for specific services if they do not have to specify fee arrangements in the advertisements.

(B)[url=] More consumers will use[/url][c5] legal services if there are fewer restrictions on the advertising of legal services.

[url=](C)[/url][c6] If the restriction against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements is removed, more lawyers will advertise their services.
C

(D) If more lawyers advertise lower prices for specific services, some lawyers who do not

advertise will also[url=] charge less than they currently charge [/url][c7] for those services.

(E) If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal services were those that apply to [url=]every type[/url][c8] of advertising, most lawyers would advertise their services.

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[c1]Reasoning

[c2]标志词

[c3]结论

[c4]无

[c5]无

[c6]对原文第一句的重写，perfect

[c7]无

[c8]文中说的不是类型，属于无关选项

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↔.12 [url=]Large national budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits. [/url][c1] [url=]If they did, countries with the largest budget deficits would also have the largest trade deficits. In fact, when deficit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other,[/url][url=] there is no such correlation.[/url][c2] [c3]

If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them?

(Al Countries with large national budget deficits tend to restrict[url=] foreign trade.[/url][c4]

(8l[url=] Reliable comparisons of the deficit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.[/url][c5]

(Cl[url=] Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade deficit that country may have.[/url][c6] C

(0) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of [url=]population[/url][c7] , the smallest countries generally have the smallest budget and trade deficits.

[url=](El [/url][c8] Countries with the largest trade deficits never have similarly large national budget deficits.

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[c1]结论

[c2]反证法证明结论

[c3]结论的强调

[c4]无

[c5]与原文结论无关啊

[c6]结论的具体化

[c7]无

[c8]逆命题不对

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二．MAIN CONCLUSION：

看原文：找出主结论

答案：原文主结论的重写。必须概括全文并且是MUST BE TRUE。与第一类题目的区别就在与答案必须是概括性的，而第一类只需要答案是真实性的。

TEST：原文找结论时，对没有指示词的，假设某个为结论，看看是其他句子是它的前提，直到找到主结论。

题号：共11题
26, 66，70,91,101,102,19,43,57，64，75

X26. When a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee. Rather, [url=]such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful[/url][c1] . Nevertheless, [url=]employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.[/url][c2]

Which of the following[url=] conclusions[/url][c3] can most properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are[url=] in fact untruthful.[/url][c4]

(B) Polygraph tests[url=] should not be used[/url][c5] by employers in the consideration of job applicants.

[url=](C)[/url][c6] An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee. C

(D) [url=]A polygraph test indicating[/url][c7] that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.

(E) Some employers have [url=]refused to consider the results [/url][c8] of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.

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[c1]副结论

[c2]主结论

[c3]与第一类题目的区别

[c4]无文中没有说测试者实际上诚实与否

[c5]无，并且主结论就是用了test的结果，也可以说与结论方向不同了 Og解释：Th is sweeping conclusion is not as well supported by the passage as is (C). Th e passage discusses only inconclusive polygraph results.

[c6]对两个结论的结合

[c7]无，也不是对结论的概括，可直接排除

[c8]错，文中没说拒绝考虑测试结果，相反的他是考虑了才会用这个刷人，只不过他忽略了结果的真实程度