[逻辑资料] XDF逻辑GZW老师的课堂录音以及讲义

wangyilin888

GMAT逻辑 讲义

高智威

目
录

归纳题………………………………………………… 1

削弱题………………………………………………… 12

加强题………………………………………………… 37

假设题………………………………………………… 54

解释题………………………………………………… 73

填空题………………………………………………… 83

句子作用题…………………………………………… 94

评价题………………………………………………… 106

haoye12321

many  thanks $

bradfordchen

感谢@

wangyilin888

7. 句子作用题
句子作用题做题方法：





例题：
1(Z). A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price.  Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product.  But large profits on the new product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the new product’s capabilities.  Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.
B. The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.
C. The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.
D. The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.
E. The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that strategy.

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15(Z) Which of the following most logically completes the editorial below?

Editorial in Golbindian Newspaper: For almost three months, opposition parties
have been mounting daily street demonstrations in the capital in an effort to
pressure the ruling party into calling an election. Though the demonstrations
were well attended at first, attendance has declined steadily in recent weeks.
However, the decline in attendance does not indicate that popular support for
the opposition’s demands is dropping, since      
A.        the opposition’s demands have not changed during the period when the
street demonstrations have been mounted.
B.        No foreign governments have expressed any support for the opposition’s
demands.
C.        The state-controlled media have ceased any mention of the demonstrations, leaving many citizens outside the capital with no way of knowing that demonstrations continue.
D.        There have not recently been any antigovernment demonstrations in cities other than the capital.
E.        A recent sharp decrease in unemployment has led to increased popular
support for the government.

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14(Z) Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Mastitis is an infection of the udder in cows that, although not dangerous, causes them to give poor-quality milk.  Most cases of mastitis are caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, against which antibiotics are ineffective.  However, a related bacterium, Staphylococcus simulans, quickly clears up even severe infections of S. aureus simply by displacing the bacteria.  S. simulans is nevertheless unlikely to become the preferred treatment for cases of mastitis, since ______.

A.        certain dangerous bacteria that normally cannot take hold can do so in the presence of S. simulans
B.        the current resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics derives in part from a past pattern of overuse of those antibiotics
C.        the milk from cows infected with S. aureus is generally not of such poor quality as to be entirely unusable
D.        careful farming practice can reduce the incidence of mastitis to a minimum
E.        the only symptom of mild cases of mastitis is the deterioration in the quality of the milk produced

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13.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have their appendix removed.  The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases.  A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses.  Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since ______.

A.        the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
B.        the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it
C.        all of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitis
D.        every patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
E.        the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis

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12.(Z) Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  Supporting this explanation is the finding that ______.

A.        the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
B.        a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
C.        many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
D.        scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
E.        there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition

wangyilin888

11.(Z) Which of the following, if true , most logically completes the passage?

A recent poll found that over 80 percent of the residents of Nalmed Province favored a massive expansion of the commuter rail system as a means of significantly easing congestion on the province’s highways and were willing to help pay for the expansion through an increase in their taxes. Nevertheless, the poll results indicate that expansion of the rail system, if successfully completed, would be unlikely to achieve its goal of easing congestion, because        .

A.        most of people in favor of expanding the rail system reported less congestion during their highway commute as the primary benefit they would experience.
B.        of the less than 20 percent of residents not counted as favoring the expansion, about half claimed to have no opinion one way or the other.
C.        the twice-daily periods of peak congestion caused by people commuting in cars have grown from about an hour each to almost two and a half hours each in the past 20 years.
D.        expanding the commuter rail system will require the construction of dozens of miles of new railroads.
E.        the proposed expansion to the commuter rail system will make it possible for some people who both live and work at suburban locations to commute by rail.

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10.(Z)Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Researchers recently asked dozens of shoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket, what they had purchased.  The prices of the very same items at the nearest ShopperKing supermarket were totaled and compared with the FoodBasket total.  The ShopperKing totals averaged five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals.  Nevertheless, this result does not necessarily show that shoppers at ShopperKing would save money overall by shopping at FoodBasket instead, since ______.

A.        shoppers who shop regularly at a given supermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the items that they purchase most often
B.        for shoppers with more than 20 items, the ShopperKing totals averaged more than five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals
C.        many shoppers consider factors other than price in choosing the supermarket at which they shop most regularly
D.        there is little variation from month to month in the overall quantity of purchases made at supermarkets by a given shopper
E.        none of the people who conducted the research were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket