|
 
- 精华
- 2
- 积分
- 1195
- 经验
- 1195 点
- 威望
- 103 点
- 金钱
- 364 ￥
- 魅力
- 211
|
1.2.13. black larbor黑人劳力
阅读：有一篇讲black larbor的，说他们在二战时期的地位的改善。开始就说说二战期间黑人劳力有所改善。很多黑人从从村到了城市，进入了industry larbor force，还说什么vote，大概是有了什么vote的权利。 第二段讲了几个方面的改善，有political方面的，有工资方面的，有什么racial方面的。。。（后面有一题是except题，问下面那个方面不是文中提到的XXX导致的结果，结果都是好的结果，选项有经济方面的（应该就是工资），有racial什么的， 有法律的， 有进入workforce的，我觉得就是没有法律吧。。大家再看看，题不难。）。第三段最后说虽然二战时期他们有了改善，但是好像后来就不行了，就从什么转向了church...（对不起。。有点不记得了。。）
In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrialworkers in the southern United States, who constituted 80 percent of theunskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. While theAmerican Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans ormaintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations(CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy ofequal rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’sbackbone. Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated and enforcedby White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumentalin maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racialdiscrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressedduring this period. However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as acentral factor in African Americans’ economic marginal unionization, AfricanAmerican workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking changedespite White unionists’ toleration of or support for racial discrimination.The persistent efforts of African American unionists eventually paid off: manybecame highly effective organizers, gaining the respect of even racist Whiteunionists by winning victories for White as well as African American workers.African American unionists thus succeeded in strengthening the unions whileusing them as instruments of African Americans’ economic empowerment.
The passage is primarily concerned with
A. demonstrating that unions failed to addressthe concerns of African American workers during a particular period
B. arguing that African Americanworkers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimatelybeneficial to them
C. contrasting the treatment of AfricanAmerican workers by two different labor organizations during a particularperiod
D. giving reasons for the success of AfricanAmerican unionists in winning victories for both African American and Whiteworkers during a particular period
E. questioning one explanation for theattitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particularperiod
According to the passage, which of the following wastrue of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?
A. Their attitudes toward AfricanAmerican union organizers changed once they recognized that the activities ofthese organizers were serving workers’ interests.
B. They were a powerful element in the southernlabor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factorylabor force in the southern United States.
C. They persisted in opposing the CIO’sadoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all.
D. Their primary goal was to strengthen thenegotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.
E. Their advocacy of racial discriminationhampered unions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.
The author of the passage suggests which of thefollowing about African American workers who participated in union activitiesin the 1930’s and 1940’s?
A. They believed that the elimination ofdiscrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievementof economic advancement for African Americans.
B. They belonged exclusively to CIO unionsbecause they were excluded from AFL unions.
C. They believed that the economicadvancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts toempower all workers.
D. Some of them advocated the organization ofseparate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFLand the CIO.
E. Many of them did not believe that Whiteunionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination againstAfrican American workers.
答案：B---A----C |
|
