12月GMAT阅读新题最终版——Social Science Division
1.1. Business & Economics
1.1.1 通货膨胀和失业率 * inflation unemployment negative correlation
P1 通货膨胀inflation和失业率Unemployment:本来负相关negative correlation(失业率降,劳动力需求加,工资涨,inflation+) 经济学家希望通过关系式来找出失业率下降到何种程度不会引起通货膨胀,最后算出是6。 --》 不是负相关了,理由:美国九十年代后期失业率下降,通胀也下降。
P2 tradition观点解释“不是负相关”现象,4,5个:有美元货币坚挺的因素,有医疗什么的因素,(Except题)回归定位法做
P3 New观点(Tradition是暂时的)2解释:1科技发展,提高了效率并根本降低了商品的成本; 2工人的安全感下降,所以现金形式的收入下降了,在收入上会作出妥协。
问题
问哪一个会削弱反驳的观点, 狗主人选的是技术不会永远进步( by tomchenxi)
第二段except题
记得有一题的考点定位是transitory这个词。
When Friedman gave his lecture in 1976, the long-run relationship between inflation and unemployment was still under debate. During the1960s, most economists believed that a lower average unemployment rate could be sustained if one were just willing to accept a permanently higher (but stable) rate of inflation. (负相关)Friedman used his Nobel lecture to make two arguments about this inflation-unemployment tradeoff. First, he reviewed the reasons the short-run tradeoff would dissolve in the long run. Expanding nominal demand to lower unemployment would lead to increases in money wages as firms attempt to attract additional workers. (失业率下降,员工工资就会增加)Firms would be willing to pay higher money wages if they expected prices for output to be higher in the future due to the expansion.Friedman assumed, however, that workers would initially perceive the rise inmoney wages to be a rise in real wages. They would do so because their"perception of prices in general" adjusts slowly, so nominal wageswould be perceived to be rising faster than prices. In response, the supply of labor would increase, and employment and output would expand. Eventually, workers would recognize that the general level ofprices had risen and that their real wages had not actually increased, leadingto adjustments that would return the economy to its natural rate ofunemployment. (现金形式的收入下降了,在收入上会作出妥协) |