bessette

谢谢,我不准备买这本书了,Elsat 上的错误也不是很多,如果我有疑问,还请zyh79和其他高手帮帮我!

我今天还有一题要问
T5-S6-24,24. It has been claimed that an action is morally good only if it benefits another person and was performed with that intention; whereas an action that harms another person is morally bad either if such harm was intended or if reasonable forethought would have shown that the action was likely to cause harm.

Which one of the following judgments most closely confirms to the principle cited above?

(A) Pamela wrote a letter attempting to cause trouble between Edward and his friends; this action of Pamela’s was morally bad, even though the letter, in fact, had an effect directly opposite from the one intended.

(B) In order to secure a promotion, Jeffery devoted his own time to resolving a backlog of medical benefits claims; Jeffrey’s action was morally good since it alone enabled Sara’s claim to be processed in time for her to receive much-needed treatment.

(C) Intending to help her elderly neighbor by clearing his walkway after a snowstorm, Teresa inadvertently left ice on his steps; because of this exposed ice, her neighbor had a bad fall, thus showing that morally good actions can have bad consequences.

(D) Marilees, asked by a homeless man for food, gave the man her own sandwich; however, because the man tried to talk while he was eating the sandwich, it caused him to choke, and thus Marilees unintentionally performed a morally bad action.

(E) Jonathan agreed to watch his three-year-old niece while she played but, becoming engrossed in conversion, did not see her run into the street where she was hit by a bicycle; even though he intended no harm, Jonathan’s action was morally bad.

这题我选A,答案是E,我看不出E比A closely 到哪儿去?

bessette

principle: good => benefit + good intention
           bad intention OR likely cause harm => bad

A: intention( attempt to cause trouble) => bad
   benefit + bad intention => not good (bad) 这是应用第一个原则的等价原则(逆否命题)

bessette

t7-s1-23,

23. Defendants who can afford expensive private defense lawyers have a lower conviction rate than those who rely on court-appointed public defenders. This explains why criminals who commit lucrative crimes like embezzlement or insider trading are more successful at avoiding conviction than are street criminals.

The explanation offered above would be more persuasive if which one of the following were true?

(A) Many street crimes, such as drug dealing, are extremely lucrative and those committing them can afford expensive private lawyers.

(B) Most prosecutors are not competent to handle cases involving highly technical financial evidence and have more success in prosecuting cases of robbery or simple assault.

(C) The number of criminals convicted of street crimes is far greater than the number of criminals convicted of embezzlement or insider trading.

(D) The percentage of defendants who actually committed the crimes of which they are accused is no greater fro publicly defended than for privately defended defendants.

(E) Juries, out of sympathy for the victims of crimes, are much more likely to convict defendants accused of violent crimes than they are to convict defendants accused of “victimless” crimes or crimes against property.

选项D的意思是不是说 那些用public lawyer的被告中真实的犯罪比率不比那些使用private lawyer的比率高,

也就是排除了 "那些花得起高律师费请private lawyer的被告中实际的犯罪比率就比使用public lawyer 的被告低" 这一导致lower conviction in defendants who can afford expensive private defense lawyers 的可能原因?

14 Marine biologists had hypothesized that lobsters kept together in lobster traps eat one another in response to hunger. Periodic checking of lobster traps, however, has revealed instances of lobsters sharing traps together for weeks. Eight lobsters even shared one trap together for two months without eating one another. The marine biologists’ hypothesis, therefore, is clearly wrong.

The argument against the marine biologists’ hypothesis is based on which one of the following assumptions?

(A) Lobsters not caught in lobster traps have been observed eating one another.

(B) Two months is the longest known period during which eight or more lobsters have been trapped together.

(C) It is unusual to find as many as eight lobsters caught together in one single trap.

(D) Members of other marine species sometimes eat their own kind when no other food sources are available.

(E) Any food that the eight lobsters in the trap might have obtained was not enough to ward off hunger.

如果B改成 two months is long enough to observe the lobsters in the lobster trap in response to hunger. 可不可以算是assumption, 我现在对assumption题最没有把握!

bessette

to zephyr1977,

old theory: dark-shell with dark bottom in order to prevent predator, light-shell with light bottom in order to prevent predator;

new theory: dark-shell with much wave, light-shell with calm waters;

sopport new theory: find evidence where dark-shell, light bottom, much waves and predator exist, or where light-shell, dark bottom, calm waters and predator exist.

bessette

to zyh79,

明白了,谢谢!

bessette

to zyh79,

关于我的最后两道问题,能否帮我看看,尤其是最后一道assumption题,多谢!

bessette

to zyh79,

有点思路,仅供参考:

A的意思说,the reasoning in the passage is vulnerable because 研究人员对分析结果的解释表明 十五世纪时使用titanium的墨水仅仅限于the printing of Bible,但又不仅仅限于the printing of Bible,因为后面又提到Vinland Map 中也有titanium.

也就是说,如果研究结果仅仅是发现the printing of the two Bible,那么说This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that B-36 was printed by Gutenberg完全可以,但作者又画蛇添足地说the finding also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth century Vinland Map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity, 那么读者就会提出疑问,即why not the B-36 was not printed by the printer of Vinland Map?

仅供参考!

bessette

今天做了test8,其中19,20两题我的思路怎么也理不清,求助!Questions 19-20

Oxygen.18 is a heavier-than-normal isotope of oxygen. In a rain cloud, water molecules containing oxygen-18 are rarer than water molecules containing normal oxygen. But in rainfall, a higher proportion of all water molecules containing oxygen-18 than of all water molecules containing ordinary oxygen descends to earth. Consequently, scientists were surprised when measurements along the entire route of rain clouds' passage from above the Atlantic Ocean, the site of their original formation, across the Amazon forests, where it rains almost daily, showed that the oxygen-18 content of each of the clouds remained fairly constant.

19. Which one of the following statements, if true, best helps to resolve the conflict between scientists' expectations, based on the known behavior of oxygen-18, and the result of their measurements of the rain clouds' oxygen-IS content?

(A) Rain clouds above tropical forests are poorer in oxygen-18 than rain clouds above unforested regions.

(B) Like the oceans, tropical rain forests can create or replenish rain clouds in the atmosphere above them.

(C) The amount of rainfall over the Amazon rain forests is exactly the same as the amount of rain originally collected in the clouds formed above the Atlantic Ocean.

(D) The amount of rain recycled back into the atmosphere from the leaves of forest vegetation is exactly the same as the amount of ram in river runoffs that is not recycled into the atmosphere.

(E) Oxygen-18 is not a good indicator of the effect of tropical rain forests on the atmosphere above them.

20. Which one of the following inferences about an individual rain cloud is supported by the passage?

(A) Once it is formed Over the Atlantic, the rain cloud contains more ordinary oxygen than oxygen-18.

(B) Once it has passed over the Amazon, the rain cloud contains a greater-than-normal percentage of oxygen-18.

(C) The clouds rainfall contains more oxygen-18 than ordinary oxygen.

(D) During a rainfall, the cloud must surrender the same percentage of its ordinary oxygen as of its oxygen-18.

(E) During a rainfall, the cloud must surrender more of its oxygen-l8 than it retains.

另外第10题更让我一头雾水,不知道在扯什么?
10. Most people are indignant at the suggestion that they are not reliable authorities about their real wants. Such self-knowledge, however, is not the easiest kind of knowledge to acquire. Indeed, acquiring it often requires hard and even potentially risky work. To avoid such effort, people unconsciously convince themselves that they want what society says they should want.

The main point of the argument is that

(A) Acquiring self-knowledge can be risky

(B) Knowledge of what one really wants is not as desirable as it is usually thought to be

(C) People cannot really want what they should want

(D) People usually avoid making difficult decisions

(E) People are not necessarily reliable authorities about What they really want

谢谢!

bessette

我没有注意短信,to zyh79:我会参与讨论的, to tongxun:你10月6日发给我的短信我也没注意,道歉!下次改进

bessette

to andrewcan,

which question do you mean? NO.20?