pansy

9. 桐聆; wy007 daibing126 3次
感谢kkjj2222提供原题
The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.” (pool第44题)

pansy

提纲：
1.        Other reason that might have caused the increase
2.        Stores specializing in one service might be able to offer things at a lower price, thus the megamart gained no advantage.

1.        First of all, the argument suffers from the fallacy of “ after this, therefore because of this”
2.        Granting that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding more departments will increase sales even further.

1.        总体销售额增加20%利润不一定也会相应增加
2.        销售额的增加不一定是由于增加了这个部门造成的
3.        以后是否还会有如此效果不一定。因为可能已经有企业提供更专业更优质的商品和服务。

1.        没有建立因果。sequence不能证明因果。不知道收入来自哪个section. 很可能是有其他的原因：很可能是pharmacy没有利润。利润来自其他的部分。比如食品等，质量提高，或者经济情况好，人们有更多的demand。
2.        销售额增加不一定是profit增加。
3.        错误类比：就算加入了pharmacy引起了收入提高，也不能说增加的clothing和其他也会引起收入。很可能人们不是因为convenience，而是对medicine的需要。很可能其他的，人们更愿意到special shops。

wide range of services VS   increase profits over the couple of years                                                              1.pharmacy section ≠ 20% total sales increased
2.only from the fact that 20% sales increased ≠ a commen realtionship of all customers
3.pharmacy section ≠ clothing dept./automotive supplies/repairshop
4.pharmacy secion + wide range of services costs high ≠ benefits and profits increase
5.the Pharmacy section cannot be considered as a trend of the future cusomers, it is possible that in subsequent years, people are more concerned with the special services of grocery store.

pansy

10. 已合并至1。

11. rudder26 710
感谢金毛大男孩提供原题
The following appeared in a letter from a part-owner of a small retail clothing chain to her business partner:
“Commercial real estate prices have been rising steadily in the Sandida Heights neighborhood for several years, while the prices in the adjacent neighborhood of Palm Grove have remained the same. It seems obvious, then, that a retail space in Sandida Heights must now be much more expensive than a similar space in Palm Grove, which was not the case several years ago. So, it appears that retail spaces in Sandida Heights are now overpriced relative to those in Palm Grove. Therefore, it would be in our financial interest to purchase a retail space in Palm Grove rather than in Sandida Heights.” (pool B6)

pansy

12. hahaafeng
The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.
“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.” (pool第2题)

pansy

13. joey19880204
The following appeared in a memorandum to a team developing accounting software for SmartPro Software, Inc.:
“Currently, more professional accountants use SmartPro accounting software than any other brand. However, in the market for personal accounting software for non-professionals to use in preparing their income tax returns, many of our competitors are outselling us. In surveys, our professional customers repeatedly say that they have chosen SmartPro Software because our most sophisticated software products include more advanced special features than competing brands. Therefore, the most effective way for us to increase sales of our personal accounting software for home users would clearly be to add the advanced special features that our professional software products currently offer.” (pool B9)

pansy

14. 0222008; DCdaisy; kenhu; kalinda; elaine_yzz; jenniferwong 5次
The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”  (pool 第1题)

pansy

提纲：
1.        false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry.
2.        causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out.
3.        gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company  can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years.

1.         错误类比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation都只影响food 不影响film.
2.        同时，忽略他因。是否是因为组织更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the process下降了价钱。所以，两者更不同。
gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表学到了很多。很可能什么都没学到，或者技术已经out of date.

pansy

15. venus2elva
The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.
“The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.” (pool第34题)

pansy

提纲：
1.环保组织所提供的标识所关心的方面和民众所关心的方面可能不一致
2.关心环保问题不意味着他们就一定会采取一些具体的措施象是在这个例子里面购买这个公司的产品
The author assumes that the public's concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem-in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card.
3.权衡了额外付出的成本和收益之后并不一定值得这么做.

1.首先，关心环境的人，不一定是使用信用卡的。第二，关心环境问题的人，关心的issues不一定与该组织的相同。
2.因果关系不明确：不一定人们关心环保就一定用使用信用卡的方式来表达。因为More often，人们可能采取更加直接的方式，比如直接donate money to the environmental organization.
3.另外，利润率关系到收入和支出，很可能两个比较收入小于支出。

pansy

16. hvfgrpwk
The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial.
“Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last year’s graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.” (pool第14题)