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178
法令的内容通常以分词引导

Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.

[url=]A.
requiring[/url][alan1] that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect

B.
requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

C.
that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect

D.
to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting (B)

E.
to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

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[alan1]法令的内容通常以分词引导表效力的延续性，如laws, agreement(prep 1-221)和directive，后面不跟定语从句。

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69. (28225-!-item-!-188;#058&003542) X of Y +时间状语

The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of

high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to passing the

Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seek up to $100,000

in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later.

(A) passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seek

up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling

(B) the[url=] passage of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999[/url][alan1] , which allows

companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the

sole intent that they will sell

(C) the [url=]passage[/url][alan2] in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows

companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the

sole [url=]intent of selling[/url][alan3]

(D) the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which was passed in 1999, and it allows

companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the

sole intent to sell

(E) the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, passed in 1999 and allowing companies to

seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of

selling

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[alan1]X of Y +时间状语，注意这种结构时间状语位置不同可能引发的歧义例如the construction between…of the building

[alan2]the passing of a bill into law

[alan3]要注意不要将with the sole intent to sell误认为是to do结构表示目的. to do结构修饰的是动词,如果修

饰名词的话应该用A of B结构.with the sole intent没有动词出现,所以应该用of selling来修饰名词intent。

His intent of escaping was preceived by the police

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183.
idiom: Expect
x than Y Y后面要补出主要动词

Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts [url=]expect[/url][alan1] automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were

A. to set dividends more conservatively than they were

B. to set dividends more conservatively [url=]than[/url][alan2] they have been

C. to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends

D. that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends

E. that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends

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[alan1]Expect

错误用法：

sth. be expected for sth. to do(也就是说for sth.不能加)

sth. be expected that 错

it is expected for stb. to do累赘，不如直接用sth. be expected to do/be

expect sb. that 错

[alan2]than 前后的形式不平行,要补出主要动词啊！！

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229. (T-9-Q34)  Just as … , so …

Just like the background in art history needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate finds of ancient art, the nautical archaeologist needs specialized knowledge of the history and theory of ship design in order to understand shipwrecks.

A.
Just like the background in art history needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate finds of ancient art, the

B.
Just as an archaeologist who needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, a

C.
Just as an archaeologist needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, so a

D.
Like the archaeologist who evaluates finds of ancient art and requires a background in art history, so the

(C)

E.
As evaluating finds of ancient art requires an archaeologist who has a background in art history, so the

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一个类似just as的结构—by aeoluseros

what = just as,意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句

(1) 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：

Air is to us What water is to fish.
空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to表示两者的关系)

(2)
也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：

Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。（介词for表示“供…使用”）

(3)
what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D, that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as...,so...”结构,意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如:

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body, so Railway is to transportation.）铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。

(4)
需要注意的是what不可以直接被just as替换，just as需要有遵循属于自己的平行比较格式。

如下题OG12-58：

A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marx’s Das Kapital is to socialism.

(A) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what

(B) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism like

(C) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism just as

(D) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to

(E) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what

just as A do, so B do

Just as … , so …

Just as you sow, so you will reap
主从句要尽量形式对称

Just as … , so too … 主句要部分倒装(so too后是主句)
Just as you sow, so too will you reap

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230. (T-4-Q4)
“and”后面的平行！！

Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman and was also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

A.
Turning away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 Selma Lagerlöf was the novelist who became the first woman [url=]and[/url][url=]was[/url][alan1] also the first Swedish writer to win[alan2]

B.
She turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and novelist Selma Lagerlöf in 1909 became the first woman as well as the first Swedish writer that won

C.
Selma Lagerlöf was a novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, and in 1909 she became the first woman in addition to the first Swedish writer winning

D.
A novelist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win
(D)

E.
As a novelist, Selma Lagerlöf turned away from literary realism and wrote romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, in 1909 becoming the first woman and also the first Swedish writer that won

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[alan1]典型错误例子：The Messenger was owned and edited by two

young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip

Randolph, who would later make his reputation

as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.

[alan2]And who was also the first Swedish writer to win…
“and”后面的平行！！重点要高度敏感

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236. (GWD-1-Q8)




伴随状语

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.

A.
include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is

B.
include the animal known as the killer whale, [url=]growing[/url][alan1] as big as 30 feet long and

C.
include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being

D.
includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
(A)

E.
includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

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[alan1]growing做伴随状语修饰了谓语动词include及其主语the 32 species，错误

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分词/with 运用---海量例句
（注意都逗号的运用）：

Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do.

Neuroscientist, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

Found throughout Central and South America, the sloth（树赖） hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs（手臂）, sleeping 15 hours a day and moving so infrequently that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.

In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her [url=]narratives[/url][alan1] , Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.(In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter)

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[alan1]经典夹心修饰错误

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定语从句有时为优选！！！！

The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an induvidual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
(creating, in turn,unconscious physiological [url=]responses[/url][alan1] )

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.

Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around

the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical

pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.

(A)[url=] while at the same time[/url][alan2] they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants,

[url=]having[/url][alan3]

(B) while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have

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[alan1]前面需要逗号

[alan2]居然没有abundant,悲剧

[alan3]引发歧义