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特殊植物授粉
背景材料
词汇:pollination授粉 mimicry 模仿 entice 诱使 怂恿
Pollination study comes up with new insights
Dipannita Das, TNN, Nov 5, 2010, 01.43am IST
PUNE: Did you know that inflorescence 花can deceive欺骗 its pollinators (beetles and bees) by mimicking an egg-laying site through a nauseating gaseous stench. With this deception, the plants achieve pollination授粉 without actually providing any reward to the insects.有种花序,他通过排放一种很臭的气味来模仿产卵来欺骗给它授粉的蜜蜂之类的东东。这样它不需要任何reward就能得到授粉。(貌似感觉是这个蜜蜂闻到这个味儿会咋个起样)
This observation was made in Amorphophallus species(tuberous herbaceous plants), commonly known as corpse flower食人花 or elephant foot yam belonging to the Arum family in the northern parts of the Western Ghats and Konkan region, by scientists Sachin A Punekar and K P N Kumaranof the Agharkar Research Institute here. This work is a kind of first from the Indian subcontinent addressing the pollen morphology and pollination ecology of these species.然后说这个是科学家A和KPN发现的,给了些和它们类似的或者起源的东东。然后说这种行为最初来自印度次大陆那些种类(我想起生活大爆炸了raj)...的授花形态学和授粉生态的啥哦
Another aspect found in a large number of these species is the process of heating. The spadix (a type of inflorescence) produces 30-45 degree Celsius heat during at least the first night, when flowers become susceptible and pollinators are attracted to it.关于这个种类的另外一个方面的发现是加热的过程。一个东东在花能被授粉者吸引的时候,至少会产生30到45 的高温在头天晚上。
The research paper was published this year in Elsevier research journal Flora Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants and has been recently cited under the top 25 hottest articles under the environmental science theme.The present study, using scanning electron microscope, delves adequately on this topic. It can be utilised as an important tool to distinguish taxa (group of organism) and also to resolve taxonomic problems, Punekar said.介绍了一篇描述这种现象的文章的地位,和他所采用的方法。 和这个方法能有怎样的效果。
The inflorescence form的形态 and shape形状 plays a significant role in attracting insects. Amorphophallus have a very strong and obnoxious odour臭味. The odour of each species has a characteristic chemical composition, Punekar said. In many species, the odour is a nauseating gaseous stench. This odour attracts pollinator insects that breed or feed on dung粪, decaying matter or fungi. 授粉动物会被恶臭吸引,因为他们都是“吃屎长大的”,囧-。这段就在解释为啥子那个花序能用发出恶臭来欺骗蜜蜂了。-This also results in pollinators meeting their sexual partners and completing their reproductive cycle, he said.导致了他们怎样找性伴侣和繁衍后代。
The study observes five phases of insect trapping in Amorphophallus species, which facilitate pollination.研究了5个阶段的昆虫,其行为促进了授粉
The initial phase of attracting beetles from a distance is possibly based on a visual trap诱惑 resulting from the inflorescence size and form and the frequency of the plant in a particular area. 第一种是通过距离来让蜜蜂去找。基于那个花序的大小形状和在某个区域那个植物出现的频率In the second phase, beetles get attracted from a distance by the odour trap, where the appendix emits a stench. 第二个,蜜蜂受到了appendix发出的恶臭的吸引。In the third phase, most of the insects fall to the bottom of the spathe via a slippery trap provided by the wet appendix.大多数的蜜蜂通过很滑的通道跑到一种植物的底部
During the fourth phase of pollination, the insects, attracted by a food trap, crawl over the pistillate雌蕊的 zone and staminate zone. Here, the visual attraction act as baits.收到事物的吸引,爬过有雌蕊的地方。 此时,它的视觉收到诱饵的吸引
In the last phase, the trapped insects get shelter from light inside the kettle and meet sexual partners, achieving copulation and sometimes lay their eggs. 被诱捕的蜜蜂在kettle里受到了光的庇护然后遇到了性伴侣,繁衍下蛋。
第一段:是说印度生物学家发现的一个现象,虽然很多人认为Unbelievable,但最后还是被证实了。就一种植物能模仿真菌,吸引小虫来授粉。
第二段是详细介绍这种怎么植物模仿。
最后一段是说也有一些其他植物也这样,共同特点有odor, color, shape, texture之类的。
题目:
1、 主文章从哪些角度写那种特殊植物的?应该选color和texture,注意第二段(确定)
2、 很多人认为Unbelievable 这个assumption基于什么? 很多植物可以通过吸引小虫子 授粉
3、 最后一段中作者提到了这种植物的那些特性:odor and humidity 不确定
odor and shape
4、关于这个植物的某个器官,哪项叙述是正确的。那个器官好像是柱头吧 stigma |
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