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1.4.2 夏威夷 temple *
validate/warranted证实
shell贝壳
hieron/ fane/temple神庙
Nuncupative/oral/narrative口述
Maui毛伊岛(在太平洋中北部,夏威夷群岛中的第二大岛)
mushroom迅速成长genealogy系谱,家系,宗谱chiefdom首领的地位,首领的权威
carbon dating碳定年radiometric technique辐射测量技术coral珊瑚 reef礁sociopolitical社会政治的,Conquest攻取, 征服, 克服
Magnitude巨大; 重要性Archaic古时的, 陈旧的, 已不通用的archaeological考古学的,考古学上的
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui may have mushroomed up within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed, scientists say. The findings could significantly alter researchers' understanding of the pace of precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.
Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that sometime around 1600 A.D. a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms on Maui into a peaceful kingdom, marking the emergence of a religious state on the island. Archaeologists had been unable to confirm that sequence of events, however, in part because of the limitations of carbon dating. (一种炭14元素测时间技术)
In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp of the University of California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric technique involving thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch coral that were collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at seven different temples during construction.(部分细节定位题) Dates for these corals, which had been incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow range of 1565 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end. Moreover, dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an interval of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive temple-building during that time. Because temples served as centers for control of production and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems likely that the construction boom accompanied a profound shift in sociopolitical structure. (第二段有细节题,看仔细)
Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described by local oral traditions coincide with these new dates, and would have more than doubled the size of the Maui polity to upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion expected with the formation of an archaic state. "The temples provide tangible archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental sociopolitical transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii," the authors conclude. Indeed, they note, it may have happened in the span of a single generation of Hawaiians.
1.主题题
证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快
2.从文中可以infer出什么:
答:reef从海里拔出来以后就没有再吸收铀了。
3. why scientist can not prove Hawaii happened in a single period of history originally?:
答:the limitations of carbon dating. |
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