bigcrab

“Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.”
Many people complain that we depend too much on computers, however, computers are continually improving our lives.
Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone.
•        有人说 live longer 就可以 created more，但是 create more 不等于 consumption 少， 现在 scare resource， nature 就是 short interest 和self motivate， scare source 就回减少quality of life for everyong， 而且人口增加以后 demand 有限， supply 增加。 只会优先选那些more creative thoughts， 而live older的人admittedly you undeniably valuable experience， but human society is countiuously， innovation is significantly for our improvement。
•        Argue 说 如果famous scientists Einstein or Newton live longer they will 创造更多的财富， 但是，你怎么知道后来的人不能创造， 没有他们的创造我们不是也活的很好么？
•        诚然， 想要长寿是人之常情 human nature，just
Invent

bigcrab

“Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.”The chief reason is that new discoveries are often unexpectedly made during routine processes. Such was the case of Alexander Fleming. For this very reason, if people focused only on results while ignored routine process, a vast number of discoveries would not be made.
The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that process also offers opportunities for refining old methods and inventing new ones. The empirical evidence supporting this point is overwhelming; yet one has no need to look further that the defense industry.
Focusing attention completely on the task at hand without reference to how that task is related to the end product would be virtually impossible to do. We would have no idea of what task to perform in the first place. As a result, the various tasks we engage in would be somewhat random, and in turn, no matter how diligent and careful we were in performing them, the likelihood of producing worthwhile or successful end products would be minimal.
To ensure good results, one should instead take a balanced approach to the task at head. By a balanced approach I mean paying attention to both the desired result and the specific tasks that are required to achieve it. House building provides a good example of this approach, the blueprint of the house not only contains a rendering of the finished product but also contains detailed drawings and descriptions of each of the specific components required to ensure a successful result. Moreover, the order of the tasks is determined with reference to this result.

bigcrab

“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’ permission.”Conflict between equity and privacy interests,
The business’s interest in maintain a stable, productive workforce clearly justifies right of access to certain personal information about prospective employees. Job applications can easily conceal personal information that might adversely affect job performance , thereby damaging the employer in terms of lower productivity and high turnover.
However, during the employment, the employees’  interests are far more compelling that those of the employers, for three reasons.
First, the employer has every opportunity to monitor ongoing job performance and to replace workers who fail to meet standards, regardless of the reason of that failure. Second, allowing free access to personal information about employee might open the floodgate to discriminatory promotions and salary adjustments. Current federal laws – which protect employees from unfair treatment based on gender, race, and marital status ---  may not adequately guard against an employer’s searching for an excuse to treat certain employees unfairly. Third, access to personal information without permit raises serious privacy concerns, especially where multiple individuals have access to the information.
In sum. Ready access to certain personal information about prospective employee is necessary to protect business, however, once hired, an employee’s interest in equitable treatment and privacy far outweighs the employer’s interest in ensuring a productive and stable business.

bigcrab

“No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘get rich’ in business by conforming to         conventional practices or ways of thinking.”
Type of business: in consumer-driven industries, innovation, product differentiation, and creative are crucial to last success: eg:  unconvential catch attention, keep up with the changing tastes of consumers,
In technology, where there are no conventional practice or ways of thinking to begin with, companies that fails to break away from last year’s paradigm are soon left behind by the competition
In traditional service industries: finance, accounting, insurance and health care, lasting success and richness comes not to non-conventional practice, but rather to those who can deliver service most effectively within the confines of established practices, policies

bigcrab

“The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artistic achievements than by its business successes.”
the subject of how the value of nation is measured has been open to much debate. Some argue that scientific and artistic achievements should be considered the most important when judging a country's value. For example, a country could be assessed in terms of the number of significant scientific inventions, or the number of famous artists it has produced over its history. However, the dominant view is that the value of a nation is more accurately assessed through measuring its business successes.

Firstly, there are inherent difficulties in measuring value in science and art. For example, the value of a painting by Picasso is open to interpretation, as each individual will use his or her own judgment to determine the painting's worth. In contrast, measuring business success enables a more objective assessment to be made, For example, the economic value of a country can be measured in terms of the Gross National Product or the Gross Domestic Product, both objective economic indicators measuring a nation's value in terms of total output of a country. Measuring value in terms of business success therefore is a more objective method compared to measuring the value of art or science.

In addition, it may be argued that science and artistic achievements can potentially be translated into business successes. For example, if the value of a significant technology invention like the computer microchip can be measured in monetary terms, scientific achievements like these can be measured in terms of their business success. Therefore, the impact of scientific achievements would potentially be captured by business measures such as total sales values or the value of exports and imports, which provides a more tangible measure of value compared to measuring the impact of scientific or artistic achievements alone.

Thirdly, measuring value by business success potentially captures a wider area where value exists, hence not only would it capture artistic and scientific achievements, but also achievements in the quality of life, health and education of a nation. For example, business success could result from a larger workforce from improved child mortality rates and increases average life expectancy rates. Also, improvements in the education system could produce workers with higher education and more skills which may lead to increases in productivity. Measuring value in terms of business successes enables the capture of other areas of societies apart from scientific and artistic achievements, hence producing a wider picture.

In summary, measuring the value of a nation in terms of its business successes is preferable to measuring value in terms of science and artistic achievements. Although translating scientific and artistic achievements into monetary terms requires further thought as business successes are more tangible to measure, more objective and encompasses other parts of society not captured by science and art, it is the preferred choice when measuring the value of a nation.

bigcrab

Portrayals of violence have proven commercially successful in television programs, movies, songs, and    other forms of popular entertainment. Therefore, those who create popular entertainment should           continue to incorporate violence into their products.
Disney , whose productions continue to achieve great popularity and commercial success, without resort to an appeal to baser interest,
不同意。
1 让步说这是导演/公司的自由把violance的东西加入到电影、歌曲等中来谋取利润
2 但是流行的东西容易过时，violance的东西也不利外，一直加这种东西人们也会腻，最后不一定能赚到钱
3 而且，violance的东西会对社会各方面造成不利影响。。。
总结，用violance的东西也不一定能赚钱，而且还对社会的发展不利，所以不同意

The best teacher is the one who expect the students to challenge the popular ideas rather than accept them.

bigcrab

153． 学生们应该带着怀疑的态度对待他们所学的任何东西。他们应该质疑老师教给他们的东西，而不是消极地接受  skeptically and passively study
①        在质疑的过程中，可以加深对知识的认识，在解决问题的过程中，学习能力、查资料的能力、思考能力不断提高。如一项政策，在了解其目的后，学生可能质疑其会带来的负效应。在查找资料，询问老师后，可以了解到这些负效应能够以怎样的方式被解决。若不质疑，则可能停留在原地。
②        对学校里的学生，老师教授的知识可能现在看是正确的，而以后看会是错误的。也可能老师讲授的为过于理想化的东西，在实际生活中不能直接put into practice.如：经济学中的理性人假设，信息对程，市场完全竞争。但实际情况。。随时间推移，原来的质疑被证明是正确的，旧的理论被推翻或完善，则社会也就进步了。Skepticism is the starting point for creation.
③        undue skepticism might be counterproductive in educating young children.对于年龄小的儿童，有时被动接受是必要的，因为他们还缺乏辨别是非的能力，缺乏对一个问题的全面的认识。如：看电视，暴力（violence）镜头,可能怀疑老师说的友爱同学之类，不可任其模仿，应有老师引导。
身为学者，向社会学习，从生活中学习。对社会上某些司空见惯（quotidian）的情况、行为，应提出疑义。如：贝弗里奇（Beveridge）meditate英国社会保障状况（actuality）和问题，提出了著名的Beveridge Report ,led to the establishment of social security system, pave the way for other countries’

bigcrab

How effectively a student learn depends more on the quality of the other student than the quality of the teachers.
Secondly, learning and working frequently with groups, students will be more efficient and then make much more progress than that if they study solitarily.

Competition serves as an effective stimulant to urge and conduce to arouse students’ ambition in the process of study. and in turn, they have a better master of what they have learnt. In this respect, competition does promote students learning better.


Celebrities are uniquely qualified to address social problems, because of their high status and access to resources.

1、        普通人重要
No one can deny the crucial roles of public in the evolution of human civilization. It is the efforts of a large number of the common people that make it possible for those elite few to achieve the significant change in the progress of human society. For example, most of revolutionary which aimed at overthrow the old governments or obsolescent institutions, though modern people always only remember the few leaders of it, are made by a large amount of common people who may have no definite inclination on crude behaviors. Therefore, the people attending make the leaders to fulfill the final goal.
2、        名人重要
Though the few elites only take a small numbers in the historical events, they are the only people who have further understanding of the contemporary social condition and possess the capability to lead the large scale action. Some of them received the good education and have a clear recognition of the entire situation, and most important, can use the newspaper and numerous ways of media to propagandize their views and awaken common people's resent about the current dominators or present living conditions. For most of the historians, In addition, the elites also shares some features with the common people and also can be regarded as the presenters of the majority of contemporary people. For one thing, the leaders are after all human beings, people like the others, and only difference between these famous figures and common people is that the former have more conscience and courage than the latter.
3、        过分强调少数名人的作用不好：
The overemphasizing of the few elites also may have adverse effect on the study of the history. First of all, it is impossible for the famous figures that can presents the situation of contemporary community or group of people to shows every aspects of the society. Most of the accidents or events are caused by few problems which may intensively hampered the interest of the common people or some group of persons. For this reason, the study of the celebrities can only provide the researchers with the general view about one issue in the first stage of the study. By contrast, the research work base on the common people, though sometimes seem to very trivial, can indicate the detail information of some particular group in the society.
In sum, both the common people and famous figures are very important in the study of history and only through the research work base on these two groups can historians to get the complete information of the history.

bigcrab

Public figures should avoid expressing opinions about things that they have not personally experienced or been directly affected by.
On the one hand, normally public figures have many followers who treat the public figures as model, if public figures express themselves in a nonresponsible and superficial way, their followers may act accordingly.
Moreover, public figures are just human being like each of us, they are, in most cases, good at one field. It is unrealistic to expect them to give correct answers to all public questions. It is highly possible they will give non-sense answer to a question they never experienced or heard of.
Admittedly, it is hard to prevent all public figures from doing so since the wide spreading internet, TV programs. The possible way lies in educate public to listen to public figures with caution.
•        public service announcement
lead should speak for the people. So a lead does not qualify to speak for poors if he has never been poor in his life?

bigcrab

Employers should have the right to regulate employees’ unhealthy behaviour, both in work place and after work
每个人对于unhealthy behaviour的定义不一样， 如果确定employer的definition for “unhealthy”is right，
At work 可以regulate，The business’s interest in maintain a stable, productive workforce clearly justifies right to regulate employees behaviour， such as a drug issue， smoking at work company policy ，anti-smoking，smokers as a potential drain on company health-care costs.
For example, Weyco, an insurance benefits administrator in Okemos, Mich., launched a program in January 2005 to require mandatory breathalyzer tests for its 200 employees. The company said that any employees who tested positive for nicotine would be sent home without pay for one month, and if it happened a second time, they would be fired - no matter how long they'd been with the company.
lifestyle protection law
In some cases, employers' attempts to preempt costly health problems among employees have led to some seemingly extreme actions.
The problem you run into is: If you're terminating people based on their use of nicotine, what about red meat?" Phelan said. "Do you start doing lie-detector tests on what they had for lunch? Even if [employers] can't get sued for it, that doesn't necessarily mean they should be doing it. "