momoco

严重的有效性错误 （serious effectiveness）=correctives
   （1）严重违反了原文的意思
        极端性修饰词位置发生改变
First, last, only    (only you---you only)
Only 和all 的修饰位置不能随意改变（原文修饰谁，选项应该还修饰谁）
Primarily从句中放到开头
        强烈预期的添加或丢失
Any, not unlike (非常喜欢) , however, whatever, wherever
e.g. I don’t know student in the class 不等于 I don’t know any student in the class.
        Must不能用should 代替, Will 不能用may 代替
原文情态动词不能改变.
若在题中的划线部分(即A选项)中发现情态动词，那么在最后的正确答案中必须有些情态动词或类似语气的词出现。
原文没有as if （though）,选项不能有as if (though)
        句子强调重心发生了一个彻底的改变
(1) 把句子的主干变成从属
主语改变
(2) 把句子的从属变成主干
e.g. 把状语从句  变成  一个独立的句子（where/when/that---and）
She has a house where many parties are held.
She has a house and many parties are held there. X

It is a work that…and that critic Sam pronounces it the greatest novel.
It is a work that… and critic Sam pronounces it the greatest novel. X
        把倒装句变为正常语序一定错
如果原句是倒装，BCDE全是改成正常语序，一定选A
        如果原句是正常语序，也不要轻易改成倒装句，awkward and confusing
        介词/so/极端性词+… 倒装
（2）简洁原则
      语义重复-----严重
      From….up/down to    不能加up/down
      Double-----increase
      Opposition---against
      Orbit---around
      Gain---achieve
      Superiority---over
      Annual---a year
      By the name of---be known as
      With---by---include---use
      Rise---raise---increase---grow---soar
      Now---currently
      The possibility that…might do (应该去掉might)
     amount to a sum
     substitute and in place of
     once in every [number] [time]
      increase/decrease and up to/down to
      be explained---because
      e.g the phenomenon is explained not just because…,but also because…X
         the phenomenon is incurring not just because…,but also because…
      No matter how 应该改成  however
      With sth included （with和included重复）
      Withhold---disclosure
      Seem---like
     be able to/ability and afford
     consequence and result
     can and potentially(can, potentially,…is right)
     share the same
     return back
     although and may
     no less than/nothing other than(在完全美有比较的情况下赤裸裸的出现在名次前)
      pay and payment
      enable---be able to
      same---exact
      rarely---ever
      sum---total
      academic---in school
      ensure---must
      while---simultaneously
      though---yet/but
      other than what it is ----precisely the opposite
      sufficient---enough
      include---among them
2. 一个句子里面连续两个that引导的从句, 去掉一个that, 可改成to do
e.g. They have found evidence that suggests that the elephants….
         They have found evidence to suggest that the elephants….
3. not any一定会被no替代；
that which一定会被what替代；
having been done会被done(限定词)所替代。