返回列表 发帖
比较结构


l
基本原则:概念对等,有可比性

(重要例子:Unlike A, B… contrast to A, B….A, B 概念要对等

但是contrary to A, B AB的概念可以不等,contrary to 多接belief, idea, judgment等修饰整个句子,不存在修饰逻辑主语B的问题)

l
用词原则:

1.替代原则 重复对象尽量用that/those代替

2.形式尽可能对称

3.种属比较时注意排除自身:any other…

4.语序可以倒装或陈述

l
情态:可以一致也可不一致,I can eat more than he does.

语态:主动+主动,被动+被动

l
倍数的表达:

Twice: Twice the+ n. (twice the money); twice as many/much…as; twice what+从句

用动词表达倍数:double/triple/quadruple/quintuple均为动词,不可与as搭配

times as +adj. / adv. +as…

Sb be + 百分数 +more likely to do sth than to do sth

TOP

l
习惯搭配:

Ÿ
As +adj. +a/an +n. +as…

Ÿ
More because… than because…

Ÿ
Not…so much A as B 与其说A倒不如说B

Ÿ
No more …than… 同样不no more than 最多,不超过

Ÿ
No less …than … ….一样;no less than 多达

Ÿ
v. +more of/less of +n. 其中more less 修饰动词,表示动词的程度(绝对不能用fewer of,因为fewer不修饰动词):I see less of you in the future

Ÿ
as good as, or better than, ….

Ÿ
As +adj +as前面不能加数量词(如2 years, 4 meters),只能加倍数词。注意区分!

TOP

平行结构


l
形式对称原则:

1.平行结构标志

Even less much less 表示“更不用说”,用于否定结构后起强调作用,前后词的形式必须一致。

Either…or/ neither…nor(注意前后不能互换)

2.重要的平行结构

分词短语与分词短语并列(-ed-ing

现在分词可以和过去分词并列作定语

名词短语可以和what从句并列(find a solution and what we can learn from this problem

Be likely to do and be unable to do (第二个be不能省略!)

For doing A , not B

Evident that…..,that…..and that…..(连词that不能省略)

n.+ in which……., in which….., and in which……..

to do……and do…….

状语从句与状语从句平行,中间要加and连接词.写成…,standing there, holding a cup of tea.是绝对错误的!

l
概念对等原则:以下概念都不对等

具体名词与抽象名词

名称名词和动作性名词

整体和部分

泛指和特指

Be动词和实义动词

l
功能相同原则:除了n.+who…..and whose….是正确的,其他混合形式都是错误的,因为引出的定语不同(比如n.+where….and in which…..;n.+where….and who…..

TOP

l
意思单一原则:不能引起逻辑上的争议

Ÿ
选项中, and后出现介词时联想到:例如call for A and for B; suspect of doing A and of doing B(在没有争议的前提下可以省略介词)

Ÿ
选项中并列的语句出现位置变换时联想到:例如A for X, B , C有歧义(for Bfor C),必须改成 B, C, A for X

TOP

修饰语


l
现在分词的完成时态不能作定语修饰名词。Sth having done/ been done 错误。

l
As a resulf of…只能作状语,表示 由于….,不能作定语或表语(错误形式:sth as a result of… sth is as a result of…

l
当定语从句sth that….和分词短语作定语–ed sth都可接受时,优先使用-ed形式。

l
-ing分词短语作定语 强调动作的重复性 多次性和客观性,无明确时间概念;

定语从句作定语    强调动作的一次性 具体时间的具体行为。

l
修饰语的位置不能随意变动:注意原句only的位置,无错则不动

TOP

标准书面用语准则

l
主动优先原则:主被动语态都正确的情况下,优先使用主动语态。

l
简洁性原则:

whether or not不简洁,必须省略or not.

Evidence of what is/was不简洁,应直接:evidence of+名词

注意有时fact是多余的:The fact that he propose the idea不如 his proposal简洁

当定语从句sth that….和分词短语作定语–ed sth都可接受时,优先使用-ed形式。

l
避免使用多义词:

避免使用rare多义词(rare meat:半生不熟的;稀少的)

it is hoped作为插入语,前后用逗号分开。Hopefully有多义(充满希望的;人们希望的),书面语一般不用hopefully.

表示一次时,避免使用at one time(有多种含义)而用once

l
书面语与口语的区别:

Ÿ
If只表示“如果”,不能表示“是否

Ÿ
在有rather than的情况下最好不用Instead of

Ÿ
标准书面语中一般不用enough to表示结果,因为有主观含义。

Ÿ
Do+代词”永远错,正确表达是 do so;

Ÿ
Because ofon account of后面只能接名词或名词短语,不能接doingone’s doing。(because of doing…是错误的!)

Ÿ
不用try and do, try to do

Ÿ
不用all…do not do,用 not all…do…

l
用词倾向性:

Ÿ
一句话中尽量避免重复使用一个词。

Ÿ
标准书面用语不接受也不倾向使用双重所有格形式。如:sth of sth’s

Ÿ
优先使用动词去替代be +该动词的形容词形式/名词形式,have +该动词的名词形式。

例如:influence 替换 be influential/ be an influence

For the determination/determining of 绝对错,应改成 to determine

Ÿ
分数表示:one in four/ out of four. 不倾向使用one of four.

Ÿ
优先使用动词性名词形式替代-ing形式的名词形式(如destruction代替the destroying),如果没有才用the –ing形式表示名词(如the splitting apart of sth)。

TOP

习惯搭配

l
英文单词:

Ability: ability/inability to do/of sb to do;(错误用法:ability for……)

Access :access to sth(错误用法:+for sth)

Advise advise sb to do; advise that(错误用法:advise sb that;be advised by sb to do/that )

After: after+n./-ing形式; after +主谓结构

Aid: aid(n.) in doing sth/to doing sth; aid(tv.) sb; aid(iv.)in doing sth(错误用法:aid to do

Allege: be alleged to do(断言,宣称,辩解;错误用法: be alleged as doing sth

Allow: allow sb to do,allow that+陈述(错误用法:allow sb doingallow thatdo)

Attribute: be attributed to sb(错误用法:be attributed to sbs)

Base: base A on B(少用:base A on doing sth)

Believe: believe+that从句, believe sth to be; believe sth.(错误用法:believe sth sth, believe sth that)

Capable: capability of doing / to do sth.

Claim: claim to do 声称要做什么,强调动作,claim to have done声称发生了什么,做了什么,别考虑完成时的说法!(claim doing错)

Compare:

Compare A to B:A比作是B。(A,B是不同类的,打比方)

Compare A with B: AB作比较。(A,B是相同的,作比较)

PS:AB的比较”正确搭配为 comparison between A and B

Confident: confidence in sth, confidence+that从句; confident about sth.

Consider: consider sth sth; consider sth adj. sth is considered to be sth by sb.(不简洁用法不可取:consider sth to be/as sth)

Contrast: in contrast to/ with, contrast to, contrast with(错误用法:as contrasted with; contrastto. )

Control: be in control of sth; keep/bring/ have sth under control; get/take/presume/lose control of sth(错误用法: keep control of sth; keep in control of等)

Credit: be credit with/to+doing/having done (错误用法:be credit as/for, be credit to do)

Descend: descend(verb.) from sth; a descendant(n.) of.(错误用法 a descendant for…)

Dispose: 处置dispose of

Dispute: dispute over(错误用法:dispute about)

Estimate: estimate at+价格等数量词,除此之外都是 estimated to be

Except: Except for A, B.
A
B属于不同类事物

Except A, B
A
B属于同类事物

Forbid: forbid sth; forbid sb to do sth; forbid doing(错误用法:forbid sb from doing sth.)

Forceforce sb to do(错误用法:force sb doing; force sb that)

Heritage: have a heritage(错误用法:share a heritage)

Intention: the intention of doing(错误用法:the intention to do)

Lead: sth lead sb to do;lead to 没有被动用法

Liable: be liable to do; be liable to(介词) sth; be liable for(介词) sth(错误用法:be liable that.)

Make: make sth sth, make sth +adj , make it +adj+to do…

Mandate: mandate sb to do; mandate that …do…

Mistake: mistake A for B A误认作B

Native: be native to(错误用法: be native in/of.)

Necessary: be necessary to do (错误用法:be necessary for doing; be necessary in doing||补充:necessity of sth

Permit: permit sb to do sth ,sth permit doing, permit sth(错误用法:permit+that从句,permit sb doing, sb be permitted sth)

Persuade: persuade sb to do sth(错误用法:persuade sb in doing; persuade that)

Phenomenon: phenomenon in which(错误用法:+where)

Possibility: possibility of doing; possibility that will/would.(错误用法:possibility to do; possibility that might do…)

Power: power to do; power of sth(错误用法:power of doing sth)

Presence: to one’s presence

Prohibit: prohibit sb. from doing(错误用法: prohibit sb. to do, prohibit that.注意be prohibit from doing永远没有prohibit sth好)

Propose: sth propose+that从句(不虚拟), sb propose +that从句(动词原形表虚拟);
propose sb to do(
不能用被动语态); propose doing sth; propose sth.

Rate: for表示什么的价格,接of表示什么的比率,请分辨清楚!

Regard: be regarded as A, not as B

Require: require that….do..; require of sb. that…do…; require sb to do; sth be required of sb.

Responsible: be responsible for sth; be responsible for doing sth; be responsible to sb.(错误用法:be responsible to do )

Reversion: a reversion to +名词(恢复,复原;错误用法:a reversion to do)

Rival: A rival B for/in …; rivalry between A and B

Sell: sth sells well; sth is sold for 20 dollars.

Support : in support of;

There be: 错误用法:there being sth, there be sth done; there be a + 由形容词或动词变化而来的词; there could be done

Withdraw: withdraw from…..;

Worry: worry about/overbe worried about/over(错误用法:+concerning+with respect to)

TOP

l
中文:

其他一些:some other +复数,some…others, one …another, each…the other, each other

比预期:than expected; than sb. Expected, than sb. had expected.(错误用法:than sb expected it/them to/to be) 注意 sth is –er than expected/estimated/predicted 决不能改成than +抽象名词,否则就成了sth和抽象名词的对比了,这是逻辑错误:无对比性!

比平常:than usual(than be usual be动词多余; than usually错误)

表示举例:such as +n./名词短语的省略形式/-ing形式 不能加句子或代词

for instance/for example/whether it is X1, X2 or X3.

注意like X1 or X2 or X3是错的,必须改成likeX1, X2, or X3(但whether it is X1 or X2 or X3是正确的)

30岁或30岁以上:aged thirty or older

30岁和30岁以上:aged thirty and over

一样或者更甚:at least as….as as…as or –er than

与某人分裂:A breaks with B in doing/sth(in a bitter dispute )

l
定语从句的习惯搭配:

Ÿ
时间:The period when…; a time when/ at a time when..; the year that…

Ÿ
Way只有三种用法:The way in which…;the way+句子;the way + to do…

Ÿ
其他:An age in which…; the next time+句子;phenomenon in which…

Ÿ
两者之间:each…the other
三者之间ne…another

l
其他常用搭配:

介词+one’s being done/ one’s doing错(例如:through/from their being lifted….in their doing…)介词后只能直接加doing 名词短语。

Be able to do作表语(多见 .. is able to do)较少作定语,错误用法:be able to be done

Such 后面不接由动词或形容词转化来的名词如rapidity, profundity, 而是用so rapidly/profound 来表示

TOP

词组补充

All but:几乎……

Make do: 凑合着做

Come to doto do sth by chance, without planning or intending to do it

避免词与词的语义重复

Increasedouble包含了增加的意思。

The possibility that…might do….改成 the possibility that…do….

Continue to do有在过去发生并持续到将来的意思,没有必要写 is doing and will continue to do…也没有必要加,as they did/have done before.

Soaring rates不需要再加rise,因为soar就是猛增的意思

Annual a year重复

TOP

表达的简洁性

The only thing that 表达不简洁,必须用all替换

All sb have to do is do …..and do….是正确的,省略了thatto

Not any=no,但在书面语用 no更简洁

TOP

返回列表

站长推荐 关闭


美国top10 MBA VIP申请服务

自2003年开始提供 MBA 申请服务以来,保持着90% 以上的成功率,其中Top10 MBA服务成功率更是高达95%


查看