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8.bottle water
V1讲bottle water的,bottle似乎在2007还是2001年的统计发现其实这是很耗能源的,但是发现大部分是在运输和生产上,于是学者就提出说要就近生产bottle water节约能源。反对者说要直接净化水龙头的水,但是学者有说即使最便宜的净化方式也远远高于bottle water(这些都有题噢)
V2第二篇,bottle water,第一段讲bottle water生产制造还有运输消耗能源比另外一个什么多(记不清了,反正是个什么什么water),所以生产另外一种water比较好;第二段讲有部分人反驳这个结论,详细记不清了,大概就是说回收方面bottle water比较有优势。题目一道主题题,其他都是细节题。
V31、bottel water 那个。 貌似和考古的有些像。但是第二段的那个意思好像有些出入? 我回头再看一下。
反对者说要直接净化水龙头的水,但是学者有说即使最便宜的净化方式也远远高于bottle water(这些都有题噢)
第一段讲bottle water生产制造还有运输消耗能源比净化水龙头水贵。运输途径等很耗能源。会导致更多的环境污染。
第二段对者说要直接净化水龙头的水。 但是提出了2个反对意见。又分别解释了着2个反对意见。
瓶子回收那个地方考了一题( )
bottel water 和 水龙头的那个有个优劣比较
问题有4个。1、infer, 2、main (选那个bottel water, energy....),别的好像都是细节。
我想起来再补充。
V4
1.有讲到water bottle 浪费energy的问题被一个关注环境的组织注意到。这个水从净化,加工,装罐都会影响环境。后面说到运输非常浪费油。差不多运输一车水,要浪费1/3等量的油。后面有个观点是来解决这个问题(用过的瓶子回收??)。但是最后这个研究机构说,这个方法无法从根本解决问题,因为瓶子在使用完了后不会被回收,有可能被当作玩具,垃圾,或者其他用途。回收的只是很少部分。
V5第二篇是关于瓶装水的。第一段:瓶装水对环境保护产生了压力。一个研究小组计算了瓶装水的生产会产生消耗多少能量,发现消耗的能量比生产水龙头的水要多。其中大部分能量都消耗在了运输上,因为运输耗油。所以进口瓶装水比在国内生产要不划算。
第二段:有人反驳一个方面,这个研究小组作出回复,又有人反驳另一方面,这个研究小组又做出回应。没有考察具体内容,所以没有细读。
有考到主旨,好像是问第二段的大致内容吧。。。反正我有一题选的是什么对各种argue作出的回复
V6第二篇是说矿泉水瓶的,说有人研究制造一瓶水的ENERGY是很多的,大意是非常不划算,而另一种什么材料的就不用那么多ENERGY,而且塑料的矿泉水瓶如果进口的话会更不划算。第二段是说有人对他们的研究有质疑,说另一种材料也很浪费ENERGY,他们反驳说,不管怎么浪费,也不如塑料的矿泉水瓶浪费,又有人质疑,塑料矿泉水瓶可以回收利用,他们反驳说这些回收的都用到服装啊别的行业去了,题目不记得,有主旨题。
V7有讲到bottle water 浪费energy的问题被一个关注环境的组织注意到。这个水从净化,加工,装罐都会影响环境。后面说到运输非常浪费油。所以进口瓶装水比在本地生产要不划算.(后面有个题,问怎么减低一些能源消耗,选本地生产)。
V8(750)
第二篇:bottled water,机经第8篇,基本上是V7的内容,补充了一点
第一段讲一个environmental protection team研究了到bottle water的issue,发现整个manufacturing process of bottled water是非常浪费能源的。processing the water; manufacturing the plastic bottles, bottling the water, transportation of the water, cooling the water for retail sales等各种环节都是非常耗费能源的。(中间还有几个process记不清了,但不影响解题)。其中manufacturing of plastic bottle和transportation这两个process最浪费能源(这句话后面有题考到,选manufacturing of plastic bottle比processing the water更浪费能源)。整体上bottled water的能耗比直接净化的tap water要高上1100~2000倍的能源。In addition,进口瓶装水比在本地生产的瓶装水要耗能2~3倍左右。(具体数字完全没用,不知道为什么就是记忆那么深刻……关键的文章内容和题目倒是忘了一堆>_<)
第二段讲有反对者说bottled water分析的不错,但是关于tap water的分析却不是很完善。研究人员反驳说tap water在最耗能的情况下,也比bottled water消耗能源少hundreds of times。又有人提出说bottle water的分析中没考虑瓶子回收的情况。team反驳说,回收的瓶子都做别的东西了,carpet cloth什么的,没做回到塑料瓶的生产过程中,所以没考虑。
有题目考第二段的作用,记不清选项的具体内容了,基本上就是有人提出质疑,研究人员一一回应的意思。
V9(760)
2.第二篇:【狗狗第8篇】:bottle water。2段:参考V8。很全面了,基本就是翻译版。考题也和V8一样。
后面有人ARGUE说你bottle water 分析的比较好,但tap water的MODEL分析的没正么好。反驳回去说tap water的MODEL用最严重的情况,也比bottle water 消耗能源少。人又ARGUE说bottle water的MODEL没考虑瓶子回收的情况。反驳回去说,回收的瓶子都做别的东西了,没做新的瓶子,可以忽略。
V10
2、bottle water 2段文章,内容狗狗已经很全了
1)主旨题
2)以下那种做法更能节约能源:我选喝local的瓶装水而不是import。定位在第一段最后一句
3)好像说有什么人反驳之后,研究小组如何回应的,应该是针对第二段的内容
4)想不起来了
背景知识,仅供提高题目认识
It is hard to argue the fact that waste management has become a large problem in the world, with landfills growing to enormous sizes and recycling rates remaining dismally low. The number of plastic bottles produced by the bottled water industry and subsequently discarded by consumers has only exacerbated this problem.
According to a 2001 report of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), roughly 1.5 million tons of plastic are expended in the bottling of 89 billion liters of water each year.
Besides the sheer number of plastic bottles produced each year, the energy required to manufacture and transport these bottles to market severely drains limited fossil fuels. Bottled water companies, due to their unregulated use of valuable resources and their production of billions of plastic bottles have presented a significant strain on the environment.
The authors of the WWF report suggested that water bottles be washed and reused in order to lessen their negative impact on the environment. Unfortunately, reusing plastic bottles further compromises the quality of the water, due to the fact that more and more phthalate leaches its way into the water as the bottle gets older. In another suggestion, the authors recommended that bottled water companies use local bottling facilities in order to lessen fuel expenditures for transportation needs. Regrettably, local bottling further compromises water quality due to the reduced health standards for in-state bottled water production and consumption. It seems there is no feasible solution to this problem. The bottled water industry causes a severe strain on the environment, but solutions to this environmental damage significantly lessen the quality of water in the bottles.
Bottled water, due to several factors, is clearly not a healthier or purer alternative to tap water. Also, bottled water is outrageously expensive when compared to the cost per gallon of tap water. If one is choosing only between tap water and bottled water, tap water is plainly the more economical, and, in many cases, the healthier choice. Despite this assertion, tap water does not remain without its problems.
The concerns over the quality and safety of tap water that sparked the growth of the bottled water industry are still entirely present.
Tap water is nowhere near free from dangerous contaminants.
The most recent and innovative solution to the problems of low water quality has come about in the age of water filters.
Water filters currently provide the best and healthiest solution to the problems of both bottled water and tap water.
Water filters remove more dangerous contaminants than any other purification method, and they are uniquely designed to work with municipally treated water. The water they produce is not subject to phthalate contamination, and they are able to remove cryptosporidium from drinking water, a feat that neither municipal water treatment plants nor bottled water companies have yet managed. Also, drinking filtered water is a much more economical practice than drinking bottled water. The pure water product of a water filter costs very little more than untreated tap water. Furthermore, because water filters use no more energy than is already required to propel water through a home’s plumbing system, they circumvent several of the environmental problems of the bottled water industry.
At this point in time, there is simply no better choice-for purity and economy-than filtered water. |
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