26、一些长得像,但实际意义差别很大的词总结: ①
unqualifying: not meeting some sort of standards for qualification. 未达标的;unqualified: without any sort of restriction or reservation. 毫无保留的。 ②
economic:经济的; economical:节约的。 ③
considerate:体贴的; considerable:相当多的。 ④
efficient at: 做某事有效率; efficient in: 在某方面节约成效高 ⑤
mandate:命令; have a mandate:有选举权 ⑥
native of:来自哪里; native to: 物种起源于哪里 ⑦
known as: 很著名; be known to 被承认 ⑧
aggravate:加重、恶化; aggravating: 令人愤怒的 ⑨
rare: 稀少的、半生半熟的; rarely:稀少的 ⑩
especially: 强调程度性 specially: 强调特殊性 ⑪
ability:强调天生具备; capability:强调能做不能做 27、never只能就修饰完成时; yesterday/ in1879 to 1990等 用过去时。 28、whether:引导宾语从句用whether, 加or not 是累赘的 引导状语从句时,必须加or not 29、状语从句的正确形式: ①
前提:句子的主语是状语从句的逻辑主语;省略的成分是 主语+be ②
形式:正确形式:表示时间/条件/转折/让步的连词(when/ while/ if/ unless/ although/ even though/ even if) + 形容词短语/v-ing短语/v-ed短语; ※错误形式:表示时间/条件/转折的连词 + 介词短语/名词短语(although just inside the orbit of Jupiter) ③
特殊情况:once可以加介词短语/名词短语; whatever可以加名词短语 30、对夹心修饰的理解: ①
S., v-ing, V.+O.结构;其中,v-ing既可作定语向前修饰S.,也可作状语向后修饰V.
Eg
Scientists, having amassed important information about SARS, are now drawing the conclusion that…
但为什么不说是修饰有歧义呢? 我的理解是, 如果说having…的结构做定语向前修饰scientists 此时就不能向后坐状语修饰 are drawing; 也就是说只一个时间做一种修饰成分~ 或者用NN的话来说,就看作修饰语就好了~
②
有一种情况不被允许:
n., v-ing, S.+V.+O. Eg
Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology. 这个句子中,having…结构做定语成分,既可以向前修饰pollutants,也可以向后修饰 a technique, 造成了修饰歧义。 Eg
In her book illustration, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. 同样,在这个句子中,carefully coordinating既可以向前修饰illustration 也可以向后修饰Beatrix Potter, 造成了修饰歧义。 |