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6. 不使用被动语态的词语
lead,cause,enable,become,receive,visit,lack,enter,cost,possess,resemble,last,like,enjoy,notice,watch,look at,listen to,pay attention to,suit,fit,contain,so as to do,be able to do,be likely to do
7. 主动形式表示被动含义
read like...,read well,prove helpful,sell well,be the most difficult to do,to adj. to do,be worth doing,require doing
8. 主动与被动都可以的词语
change,close,determine,end,finish,head,interest,issue,open,train
sth. be aimed at doing sth. sb. aim to do sth.
sth. be intended to do sth. sb. intend to do sth.
sth. be targeted at sth. sb. target sth.
9. 虚拟语气的表达
1) if条件从句使用虚拟语气,主句谓语动词也用虚拟语气
表示与现在事实相反
从句用过去时(be用were),主句用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might + 动词原形
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
表示与过去事实相反
从句用had + 过去分词,主句用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might + have + 过去分词
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
表示与将来事实相反
从句用should + 动词原形,主句用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might + 动词原形
If he should come here tomorrow, I should talk to him.
2) if条件从句倒装省略if,使用虚拟语气,主句谓语动词也用虚拟语气
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.
Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him = If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. = If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
3) without + 名词/代词,可表达虚拟条件
Without the worker's help, Sam would not have made so much progress.
4) should条件从句用动词原形表达虚拟语气,但主句谓语动词不用虚拟语气
10. 后置主语从句的虚拟语气
It is adj. that结构中,that从句用动词原形表示虚拟语气:
import,natural,essential,imperative,necessary,vital,advisable,obligatory,best,incredible,ironic,preferable,appropriate
It is best that tourists have a pleasant place to relax.(最好给观光者提供一个休息的好地方。) |
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