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一.平行
1. and/or/but/yet/as well as
2. not only A but (also) B / not A but B / not A but rather B / not just A but also B
3. both A and B / either A or B / from A to B
4. rather than=as opposed to——两个词组前后均要平行对称
5. Just as……so……要求比较对象对等(只有在句首的Just as才要so,在句中的不要)
6. not so much that……as that……与其说……不如说……
7. to go home……rather than (to) be confined to
8. to any...or to any和to any…or any两种表达都正确
9. 两个强调句的并列:It was……that, and it was……that
10. 系表结构可以跟动词结构平行
E:It is a distant relative of……and closely resembles……
11. but连接的并列分句,不需要形式上完全对等
E:No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city’s most popular attraction.
12. “冠词+动名词”的名词形式可以跟抽象名词(如damage)并列,但不能跟实意名词(即具体名词)并列。
13. “冠词+动名词”但省略了冠词的名词形式可以跟抽象名词(如damage)并列,去掉冠词的形式表示“泛指”。
14. 当动词有名词形式时,不能用”冠词+动名词”的结构表示名词。
15. A as varied as B,A和B要平行对等,B用来解释、举例A。
16. 有关not…but…的平行:系动词习惯放于not的后面,虽然be not…but be/do…没有严格的平行,但可以看作是not…but…的不完全平行的形式。
E:...is not a “blank slate” but instead comprises…
…are not the products but are simply random by-products…
…the noise was not continuous but consisted of…
17. 多个名词平行:A,B and C,as well as D——结构正确;
A,B,C,as well as D——结构错误;
as well as不能代替and做连词。
18. 从句内部两个独立句子的并列是允许的,不是run-on(主句中不行)。如:
Even though [her career was cut short] and [the fifteen recordings were disappointing],Olive has never been entirely forgotten. |
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