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狒狒逻辑97

97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory.
If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
(A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory
(B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory.
(C) For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory.
(D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory.
(E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.

答案是B。
我想问C项不是只满足了第一个条件吗,并没有满足第二个条件 it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations,为什么也是good theory呢?

请NN指点
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我读下来,觉得B从原文中无法推出,原文讲得是a large class of

observations of a model和physical phenomena无法对应。

其次C选项,我觉得可能是four elements而不是for elements吧,就算仍然是

for elements,楼主对这句话的理解可能有点问题。这句话的核心意思是:简

单的elements满足了好理论简洁性这个标准。满足了其中的一个标准并不意味

着它就构成了好理论,所以这和原文的意思是相符的。

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楼上关于C选项解释正确,不多赘述。

B,亚里士多德的理论基本四元素是earth, air, fire, and water,他们本身

就是物理现象,题中说Observation of physical phenomena (物理现象)

was not a major concern,这不是鬼扯么!

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就是说好的理论有两个标准,其中simplicity则概括了第一个标准,对吗?

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那请问A选项呢,A选项说关于未来的预测一定是由好的科学理论得出的,但是也有可能一些理论能够满足第二个条件即对未来作出预测,但是不能满足第一个条件呢?这样这个满足第二条件的理论就不是好的科学理论了啊??求回答!!!

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原文 C 选项有误,应为:
Elements that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory can be the basis of a scientific model.

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