myice

114. “Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.”
从根本上说，科技使人们疏远远甚于使人们聚合在一起。
1.        不能交流的可以交流了，不容易交流的变得容易拉
2.        增进交流也就加强了理解使得交流有更深的层次
3.        当然有些工具的产生确实也使得交流变得肤浅但是综合来看不支持作者的观点
缺116,128, 129, 130, 131,A12

myice

116. “A government should provide funding for the arts, but only for those artistic works that reflect the values and attitudes of the majority of the population.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“一个政府应该提供艺术基金，但只是针对那些作品反映了主流人群的价值和观念的艺术家。”
1.        If let the market operates solely can let the efficiency be achieved, it is meaningless for the government to exist. The reason that the government should be established is that there are externalities, either positive or negative. For those phenomena that can cause negative externalities such as the pollution from the chemical factories, the government should do something to eliminate or at least reduce them. For the positive counterparts such as art, the government should do its best to support them, no matter provide funding or something else.
2.        However, I can not agree with the second half of the author's idea. As far as I am concerned, the government should support all kinds of art. The function of the government is to best serve the public's interest. Each kind of art has its own appreciators who will get pleasure from it.
3.        Moreover, the diversity of culture is also a reason that the government should consider that will be in favor of the support of all kinds of art rather than the support of the ones represent the values and attitudes of the majority population.

myice

128. “Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“与其依赖外部专家的建议，一个组织更应该看重那些只能来自它的内部的资深员工的建议。”
1，        公司内部员工的意见非常重要：首先，公司内部员工更有动力关心公司的情况，从而更加主动积极地思考。第二，公司内部员工更加了解公司的情况，从而可能找到问题所在。比如说生产力下降可能有很多原因，比如技术、比如员工morale，比如组织的管理。这些由外部的专家来研究可能没有那么直接。
2，        但是，外部的专家也有不能忽视的优势。首先，更加专业,可以提供professional advice。第二，外部的人可以更加客观地衡量一个企业的经营情况operating condition。from a more objective sight. 第三，外部的人可以看到全面的公司，从而给出综合的意见integrated opinion about the whole company.
3，        需要结合在一起。比如外部的人员充分地听取内部的意见，作为判断的根据base their judgment on information from the experienced employees.

1.        Admittedly, the insiders are more  familiar with the detailed routine of the of the company. They are experts of their own field and they are in charge of the daily activities of the company. All the above-mentioned factors contribute to their competence to make decisions for the company.
2.        However, the outsiders also have their advantages. They can judge the performance of a company from an objective angle.
3.        Moreover, they can overlook a company, thus providing a perspective to analyze the overall situation.

View1: advices from inner highly experienced employees are good resources to improve the performance of the company.
Evidence: they are familiar with the circumstance therefore can develop exact perception of the problems.
View2: However outside experts have their own advantages in dealing with organizational problems.
But outside experts add a wide spectrum of judgment, outlook, and state-of-the-art experience to problems confronting organizations.
Conclusion: they are not mutually exclusive alternatives, which one to adopt depend on the specific situations.

myice

129. “When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely primarily on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“当评价一个潜在雇员的条件的时候，企业雇主应该主要依赖诸如推荐信和教育程度之类的客观信息。个人鉴定太过主观因此不是评判一个人是否对一份工作称职的有效依靠。”
1.        objective information such as candidate's resume and education is really very important for judging the potential employees. This kind of information can serve as the solid evidence to testify a potential employee's quality.
2.        Personal interview is too short a period of time to comprehensively reflect a potential employee's overall qualities. Therefore, personal interview can not be a valid basis on which to judge a person's qualification. What is more, just as the author points out, the personal interviews to which the interviewees' favor can be added are much too subjective.
3.        However, it is also too imprudent to eliminate the personal interview. In my opinion, personal interview can supplement the objecive information in judging a potential employee.

1.        客观信息很有用：首先，有很多候选人的情况，客观信息可以很大地帮助企业作出最初的筛选。the initial filtration of candidates. 第二，有时客观信息比interview更加可信solid resource of information.
2.        但是客观信息也不能完全取代interview的作用。首先, 面试时面对面可以看出一个人的性格character，公司可以挑选中适合企业要求的character。比如广告advertising公司，要求创新creative and originality能力，大胆，又有些auditing company，需要严谨preciseness。这些特点显然在简历中看不出来。第二，面试时可以通过具体的task来让面试中perform——这样可以直观地看出他们是否有能力胜任have enough skill to handle the specific job and then to take over the job.
3.        应该结合使用，比如用基本资料先choose candidates to attend the interview，之后用interview中反映出的信息来决定是否录用.

View1: there are much more information comes from personal interviews other than form objective judgments.
Resume and education background can not demonstrate the capability and character of the candidates thoroughly.
Social ability: cooperate with others
Attitude toward life and work: optimistic or passive, passionate or lazy
Characters: loyalty, honest
View2: employment is a two way choice, interviews give candidates the opportunity to get more information about the employer and the job requirements.

myice

130. “We can learn more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time than by observing them at work.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“我们可以通过观察一个社会的人们如何打发他们的休闲时间而非观察他们的工作来更多的了解这个社会。”
1.        1What people do at work indicates the level of the society's civilizition including the how developed the productivity is, how efficient a society it is, and so on so forth.
2.        2What people do to spend their leisure time reflect the society's civilzition from anthoer perspective. From the literacy of that society we can interpret the citizens' spirit wolrd; from the sports they do we can tell the conditions of their bodies, even from the pure entertainment activities of a society, we can also get some information such as what are the in-things of the society.
3.        3The author's assertion which allege that we can know better of a society from what people do to spend leisure time than from what people do at work is imprudent and groundless. It is obvious that the author overestimate the importance of the understanding of what do people do at work in the comprehensive interpretation of a society.

1.        人们业余生活的方式，可以很大程度地反映一个社会：a, 可以反映人们的生活态度。 一种更加积极乐观的心态，会使人们更加活跃地energetically participate in various kinds of activities after work。反之，则不同。b, 具体业余生活的种类，可以帮助人们了解社会的偏好preference，比如健身，体现了对健康的关注；比如文学，可以了解社会的精神丰富程度。c, 最后，与谁一起度过业余生活，更可以反映整个社会人与人之间的亲密程度。to which degree are people correlated with each other.
2.        但是，也不能忽视工作对社会的反映作用。首先，工作占用最大the time that people spend on work amounts to the greatest fraction of total life. 在工作中表现出来的特点，是人们生活的重要部分。第二，工作的状态可以反映出一个社会的生产力水平，重视效率的程度。第三，工作的种类可以反映社会对于不同product and service的demand。从另一个角度反映社会的价值取向。reflect the values of the community from a different sight.
3.        这两个不能分开，要合理地结合在一起，才能understand one community more accurately and comprehensively.

View1: leisure time represent the society culture changes, vacation and holiday for different nations.
Evidence: In china, popular songs that express the emotions of lovers as well as pubs and clubs were strictly forbidden until 1980s, the time that china began its reformation and opening.
View2: leisure time is tied to the economic root of the society.
Evidence: once viewed as noble exercise, golf has become more and more commonplace and available for more Chinese people.
International tour/ travel abroad
View3: work does not vary too much, but how to spend the leisure time change greatly from country to country.

夏至冬初

我来顶。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

napoleon8424

many  thanks !!

anchoretes

many  thanks!!