babyboy

relic ['relik] n. 废墟；纪念物；遗迹，遗物
halo ['heiləu] n. 光环；荣光vt. 使有晕轮；围以光环vi. 成晕轮
renegade ['reniɡeid] n. 变节者；脱党者；叛徒vi. 背叛；脱离adj. 背弃的；脱离的；叛徒的

自然现象——天文
结论解释性


主题题
137. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(A) the importance of determining the age of globular clusters in assessing when the Milky Way galaxy was formed
(B) recent changes in the procedure used by astronomers to study the formation of the Milky Way galaxy
(C) current disputes among astronomers regarding the size and form of the Milky Way galaxy
(D) the effect of new discoveries regarding globular clusters on theories about the formation of the Milky Way galaxy
(E) the origin, nature, and significance of groups of stars known as globular clusters

信息题
138. According to the passage, one way in which Larson’s theory and the conventional theory of the formation of the Milky Way galaxy differs is in their assessment of the
(A) amount of time it took to form the galaxy
(B) size of the galaxy immediately after its formation
(C) particular gas involved in the formation of the galaxy
(D) importnce of the age of globular clusters in determining how the galaxy was formed
(E) shape of the halo that formed around the galaxy

逻辑题：加强题
139. Which of the following, if true, would be most useful in supporting the conclusions drawn from recent observations about globular clusters?
(A) There is firm evidence that the absolute age of the Milky Way galaxy is between 10 and 17 billion years.
(B) A survey reveals that a galaxy close to the Milky Way galaxy contains globular clusters of ages close to the age of Palomar 12.
(C) A mathematical model proves that small gas clouds move in regular patterns.
(D) Space probes indicate that the stars in the Milky Way galaxy are composed of several different types of gas.
(E) A study of over 1,500 individual stars in the halo of the Milky Way galaxy indicates wide discrepancies in there ages.

信息题：
140. If Bolte and his colleague are both correct, it can be inferred that the globular cluster Paloma 12 is approximately
(A) 5 billion years younger than any other cluster in the galaxy
(B) the same age as most other clusters in the galaxy
(C) 7 billion years younger than another cluster in the galaxy
(D) 12 billion years younger than most other clusters in the galaxy
(E) 2 billion years younger than most other clusters in the galaxy

In order to题
141. The passage suggests that Toomre’s work complements Larson’s theory because it
(A) specifies more precisely the time frame proposed by Larson
(B) subtly alters Larson’s theory to make it more plausible
(C) supplements Larson’s hypothesis with direct astronomical observations
(D) provides theoretical support for the ideas suggested by Larson
(E) expands Larson’s theory to make it more widely applicable

?错题/信息题：注意读原文细微之处！
142. Which of the following most accurately state a finding of Bolte’s research, as described in the passage?
(A) The globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are 2 billion years older than predicted by the conventional theory.
(B) The ages of at least some globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy differ by at leat 4 billion years.（one cluster “is 2 billion years older than most other clusters
in the galaxy, while another is 2 billion years younger” (lines 22-24). Thus, he found that at least
these two clusters differ in age by at least 4 billion years.）
(C) One of the globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy is 5 billion years younger than most others.（Choice C is incorrect, because the
passage states that it was a colleague of Bolte’s who claimed that a cluster is 5 billion years
younger than most）
(D) The globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are significantly older than the individual stars in the halo.
(E) Most globular clusters in the Milky Way galaxy are between 11 and 15 billion years old.

?错题/In order to 题
143. The author of the passage puts the word “renegade” (line 29) in quotation marks most probably in order to
(A) emphasize the lack of support for the theories in question
(B) contrast the controversial quality of the theories in question with the respectable character of their formulators
(C) generate skepticism about the theories in question
(D) ridicule the scientists who once doubted the theories in question
(E) indicate that the theories in question are no longer as unconventional as they once seemed

babyboy

Passage 33
While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely
government-controlled economy into a free one, the
experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly
shows one approach that works: privatization, in which
(5) state-owned industries are sold to private companies . By
1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned
industries were running at about t3 billion a year. By
selling many of these industries, the government has
decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over t34
(10) billion from the sales, and now receives tax revenues from
the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically
improved overall economy, the government has been able
to repay 12.5 percent of the net national debt over a
two-year period.
(15) In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual
industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but
has also  raised the level of performance in every area. At
British Airways and British Gas, for example , productivity
per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated
(20) British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’s and
early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared. At British
Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list—as there always
was before privatization—to have a telephone installed.
Part of this improved productivity  has come about
(25) because the employees of privatized industries were given
the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They
responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares; at British
Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible work force bought
shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at
(30) British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal
stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work
to make it prosper. At the National Freight Consortium,
the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their
company’s profits that during wage negotiations they
(35) actually pressed their union to lower its wage demands.
Some economists have suggested  that giving away free
shares would provide a needed acceleration of the privati-
zation process. Yet  they miss  Thomas Paine’s point that
“what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly.” In
(40) order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership
to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries,
employees and other individuals must make their own
decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own
resources to the choice.

babyboy

经济类
结论解释型

EXCEPT
206. According to the passage, all of the following were benefits of privatizing state-owned industries in the United
Kingdom EXCEPT:
(A) Privatized industries paid taxes to the government.
(B) The government gained revenue from selling state-owned industries.
(C) The government repaid some of its national debt.
(D) Profits from industries that were still state-owned increased.
(E) Total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries decreased.

信息题
207. According to the passage, which of the following resulted in increased productivity in companies that have been
privatized?
(A) A large number of employees chose to purchase shares in their companies.
(B) Free shares were widely distributed to individual shareholders.
(C) The government ceased to regulate major industries.
(D) Unions conducted wage negotiations for employees.
(E) Employee-owners agreed to have their wages lowered.

错题/信息题：原文定位！注意考例子时，要注意例子前面的一句话——代表例子的作用
208. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be
(A) an inevitable problem in a weak national economy
(B) a positive sign of employee concern about a company
(C) a predictor of employee reactions to a company’s offer to sell shares to them
(D) a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies（没提及）
(E) a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry（In lines 15-17, the author states that privatization has “raised the level of performance” in industry. As an example, the author mentions in lines 19-21 that at one company, “labor disruptions common in the 1970’s and early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared.” Thus,the author is implying that an absence of labor disruptions raises the level of performance, and the converse-that labor disruptions adversely affect performance level）

信息题
209. The passage supports which of the following statements about employees buying shares in their own
companies?
(A) At three different companies, approximately nine out of ten of the workers were eligible to buy shares in their
companies.
(B) Approximately 90% of the ellgible workers at three different companies chose o buy shares in their
companies.
(C) The opportunity to buy shares was discouraged by at least some labor unions.
(D) Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity
to buy shares.
(E) Eligibility to buy shares was contingent on employees’ agreeing to increased work loads.

错题/强对比取非题
210. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principle described in lines 30-32?
(A) A democratic government that decides it is inappropriate to own a particular industry has in no way abdicated
its responsibilities as guardian of the public interest.
(B) The ideal way for a government to protect employee interests is to force companies to maintain their share of a
competitive market without government subsidies.
(C) The failure to harness the power of self-interest is an important reason that state-owned industries perform
poorly.( Lines 30-32 assert that people who have a persona stake in an endeavor will
“work to make it prosper.” In other words, self-interest is an incentive to make people perform
better. Choice C makes the same assumption and uses that the converse is also true: that when
workers lack a personal stake in the fate of their industry, their performance will be poor.)
(D) Governments that want to implement privatization programs must try to eliminate all resistance to the
free-market system.
(E) The individual shareholder will reap only a minute share of the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes
to achieve these gains.


强对比取非题：
211. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the privatization process in the United
Kingdom?
(A) It depends to a potentially dangerous degree on individual ownership of shares.
(B) It conforms in its most general outlines to Thomas Palne’s prescription for business ownership.
(C) It was originally conceived to include some giving away of free shares.
(D) It has been successful, even though privatization has failed in other countries.
(E) It is taking place more slowly than some economists suggest is necessary.

错题：in order to题
212. The quotation in line 39 is most probably used to
(A) counter a position that the author of the passage believes is incorrect
(B) state a solution to a problem described in the previous sentence
(C) show how opponents of the viewpoint of the author of the passage have supported their arguments
(D) point out a paradox contained in a controversial viewpoint
(E) present a historical maxim to challenge the principle introduced in the third paragraph

babyboy

Passage 38
During the nineteenth-century,  occupational information about women that was provided by the
United States census-a population count conducted each decade-became more detailed and precise
in response to social changes.  Through 1840 , simple enumeration by household mirrored a
home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household
(presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only
indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational
categories. Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic
activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.
The 1850 census , partly responding to antislavery and women’s rights movements, initiated the
collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870  was
occupational information analyzed by gender: the census superintendent reported 1.8 million
women employed outside the home in “gainful and reputable occupations.” In addition, he
arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman “keeping house.” Overlap between the two groups
was not calculated until 1890 , when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social
issues arising from industrialization were causing women’s advocates and women statisticians to
press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women’s occupations and wages.

社会现象：妇女
现象解释型

主题题
236. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain and critique the methods used by early statisticians
(B) compare and contrast a historical situation with a current-day one
(C) describe and explain a historical change
(D) discuss historical opposition to an established institution
(E) trace the origin of a contemproary cotroversy

Except题型
237. Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in
the passage EXCEPT the
(A) year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender
(B) year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the
head of the household
(C) year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping
hosue was first calculated
(D) way in which the 1890 census measured women’s income levels and eductional
backgrounds
(E) way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census

错题/信息题：仔细读原文
238. It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of
which of the following?
(A) Women who worked exclusively in the home
(B) People engaged in nonfarming occupations(Lines 5-15 indicate
that in the 1840 United States census, individuals were classified by occupational categories. It
can be inferred from this information that the 1840 census provided a count of persons in
occupations other than farming.)
(C) People engaged in social movements
(D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises
(E) Men engaged in agriculture（Lines 19-20 indicate that the 1870 United State census was the first
in which occupational information was analyzed by gender.）

错题/in order to 题
239. The author uses the adjective “simple” in line 5 most probably to emphasize that the
(A) collection of census inofrmation became progressively more difficult throughout the
nineteenth-century
(B) technology for tabulating census information was rudimentary during the first half of the
nineteenth century
(C) home-based agricultural economy of the early nineteenth century was easier to analyze
than the later industrial economy
(D) economic role of women was better defined in the early nineteenth century than in the late
nienteent century
(E) information collected by early-nineteen-century censuses was limited in its amount of detail

信息题/强对比取非题：注意这种题，原文说现在应该more accurate,证明以前没有accurate
240. The passage suggests which of the following about the “women’s advocates and women
statisticians” mentioned in lines 27-28?
(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain
economic changes in the United States.（Their pressing for fuller
information implies that the women’s advocates and women statisticians believe earlier United
States censuses had not provided adequate information about women’s occupations and wages.）
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their
participation in the antislavery movement.（1850）
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women
were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by
previosu United States censuses.(无)

31 D 07:29
32 C 01:14
33 E 01:29
34 D 00:53
35 C 01:36
36 D 00:36

137 D 04:29
138 A 01:02
139 E 00:58
140 C 02:14
141 D 01:28
142 C 02:36
143 C 01:35

206 D 04:23
207 A 00:56
208 B 01:51
209 B 01:19
210 E 01:26
211 E 01:25
212 D 00:45

236 C 02:56
237 D 01:01
238 E 01:51
239 C 01:12
240 C 01:46
错误率36%
总时间没有超时

babyboy

Passage 11
At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest
in Native American customs and an increasing desire to
understand Native American culture prompted ethnolo-
gists to begin recording the life stories of Native Amer-
(5) ican. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to
hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropo-
logical data that would supplement their own field
observations, and they believed that the personal
stories, even of a single individual, could increase their
(10) understanding of the cultures that they had been
observing from without. In addition many ethnologists
at the turn of the century believed that Native Amer-
ican manners and customs were rapidly disappearing,
and that it was important to preserve for posterity as
(15) much information as could be adequately recorded
before the cultures disappeared forever.
There were, however, arguments against this method
as a way of acquiring accurate and complete informa-
tion. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiogra-
(20) phies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly for
the study of the perversion of truth by memory,” while
Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent
enough time with the tribes they were observing, and
inevitably derived results too tinged by the investi-
(25) gator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.
Even more importantly, as these life stories moved
from the traditional oral mode to recorded written
form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided
what elements were significant to the field research on a
(30) given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the
essence of their lives could not be communicated in
English and that events that they thought significant
were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers.
Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force
(35) Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as
taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead
relatives crucial to their family stories.
Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful
tool for ethnological research: such personal reminis-
(40) cences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are
likely to throw more light on the working of the mind
and emotions than any amount of speculation from an
ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another
culture.

61. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) The historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.
(B) The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.
(C) The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.
(D) The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.
(E) A research method is evaluated and the changes necessary for its adaptation to other subject areas are
discussed.

62. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?
(A) A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.
(B) A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.
(C) A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.
(D) A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert.
(E) A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.

63. According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because
(A) life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academics who are not members of that culture
(B) life stories can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretations
(C) ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to choose
(D) life stories make it easy to distinguish between the important and unimportant features of a culture
(E) the collection of life stories does not require a culturally knowledgeable investigator

64. Information in the passage suggests that which of the following may be a possible way to eliminate bias in the editing of life stories?
(A) Basing all inferences made about the culture on an ethnological theory
(B) Eliminating all of the emotion-laden information reported by the informant
(C) Translating the informant’s words into the researcher’s language
(D) Reducing the number of questions and carefully specifying the content of the questions that the investigator can ask the informant
(E) Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator’s personal opinion about its intrinsic value

65. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to
(A) question an explanation
(B) correct a misconception
(C) critique a methodology
(D) discredit an idea
(E) clarify an ambiguity

66. It can be inferred from the passage that a characteristic of the ethnological research on Native Americans conducted
during the nineteenth century was the use of which of the following?
(A) Investigators familiar with the culture under study
(B) A language other than the informant’s for recording life stories
(C) Life stories as the ethnologist’s primary source of information
(D) Complete transcriptions of informants’ descriptions of tribal beliefs
(E) Stringent guidelines for the preservation of cultural data

shefff

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