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考题
1)有一题是问你他们在1994年干什么了:一个发表了fiction,一个写了the root of a poet~
3)        第一个女的的两本书分别是什么形式内容
问94年出品的两个作品的本质,这个题因为看了机经所以比较纠结,因为选项里貌似A是叙事散文+评论,还有3个选项大概是战争纪实+翻译,自传+翻译,战争纪实+诗集,因为看机经纠正说绝不是翻译,且94年出版的确实是评论,所以选了a,不确定……机经里说的自传+评论选项确实没有
注意版本一对诗人的描述错误,这个人名字里有Williams, 是有人在1994年出了个不知道是research还是study的名字叫“…Williams…”使得他的诗引起了重视,而不是把他的作品翻译过来;而前面的那个女作家的作品是根据自己亲身经历写的;有个题目问1994年出版的两个作品的本质:前者是自传,后者是对诗的评论分析;有错误选项是说第二部作品是翻译诗的,注意千万不要选错790
3)有道题要问从文中可以推断出那个西班牙女人的什么
4)第一题就是关于问他们的similar是什么,应该是都为拉丁文文学作出了贡献  790
5)还有一题是问关于60-70年代的拉丁文作家那个为真:因为是细节题我记不清了,答案在第一段开头那几行里面。  790
6),第二题问那个女作家的作品有什么特点。我选了说,里面描述了一些事实性的内容(某个革命战争吧) 答案对
关于前边morgan女作家哪个正确,是选其对某战争所持非中立态度
还有一道题目问以下哪个关于女作家的描述正确:有两个错误选项是女作家不是bilingual的,女作家对作品是否发表持indifference的态度;我选的是女作家对某件事持的不是中立的态度,因为原文说她的书challenge了某件事,定位描述女作家作品的那几行就能找到答案了  790

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16.        采集花香料的蜜蜂
第二篇是讲蜜蜂,他们会采集特定的花粉,为什么要采集花粉呢?最近才知道,那些花粉是用来帮助他们吸引雌蜂的,而且他们要搭配花粉的比例,不能光采一只花,当调配好之后,相同的配比的雄蜂会集结在一起,跳一种特定的舞蹈,然后吸引雌蜂,单个雄蜂是没法吸引到雌蜂的
关于orchid bee的。说orchid的fragrance对这种bee有特殊的吸引,能帮助male bee 吸引female。接下来就解释了是任何吸引的。原来是male orchid bee去采蜜,采了好几种之后,身上有了特殊fragrance,别的male orchid bees就被吸引到他身边来了。于是越来越多,就成了个swarm。然后这个swarm当然就比一个bee更吸引female orchid bee的眼球了,然后吸引到之后,就可以交配了。

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考题
1)问以下哪个现象会对文中的理论(哪个理论没说)产生负面影响?
2)一题问沾上compound的orchid bee有什么特别之处?当时选的是更容易seek out swarms。   740
3)有道题问第二段和第三段的关系
第二段就开始说科学家研究的那个什么化学的东东了(有道题考第二段和第三段的关系
4)        问下列哪个是对的。我选的那个好像是和这个信息有关的:那里的orchid不只是吸引一种bee,而是several species of bee in that forest什么什么的。
这里有道题 就是说这种东东虽然不是仅仅限于一种bee 但是只是一个small range of the different species
问下列哪个是对的。有个选项不太拿得准。原文说orchid bee is an important pollinator for orchid;选项里说most orchid is pollinated by orchid bee。其他几个也有些模糊,大家到时仔细看一下吧。我最后选的是orchid会secrete 两种化学成分(第一段中有提及)。

5)这个bee是不同于honey bee的,因为类这种bee是male 来作为pollinator的,(注意哦这句中间用了rather than female,有道题考这个,但是选项里说male是pollinator用了only)
6)有一道主旨题,我选的是“生物学家发现了一个现象,研究这个现象什么的”
7)有一道逻辑题,让选一个能削弱第三段科学家结论的。我选的是“花粉对雌蜂确实有吸引作用”
8)问关于fragrance的作用,以下哪个会weaken它。
我选的是大多数male bee在汇聚成swarm前就已经交配成功了。

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17.        树木分解有害气体
一种理论说树木可以exhale一种气体H,在某种情况下或者一定温度下这种气体可以跟两种污染气体结合产生一种雾(haze). 好像还列举了一对其他因素。这种结合好像跟风也有关(忘记了是有影响还是没影响)。一个research对这种雾进行研究,发现haze的量要大于预期。所以得出结论,某些具有H相似功能的气体还未被发现。
有问main idea,还有为了减少污染影响,haze形成,什么措施最没用。

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18.        GWD- 毛毛虫的生命长度
By williams(680  50,31)T-9-Q20-Q23:GWD-13-34~37
      43.        GWD-13-Q34 -Q37是谁控制着毛毛虫的生命长度
      A small number of the forest
        species of lepidoptera (moths and
        butterflies, which exist as caterpillars
Line        during most of their life cycle) exhibit
  (5)        regularly recurring patterns of popu-
lation growth and decline—such
fluctuations in population are known
as population cycles.  Although many
different variables influence popula-
(10)        tion levels, a regular pattern such as
a population cycle seems to imply a
dominant, driving force.  Identification
of that driving force, however, has
proved surprisingly elusive despite
(15)        considerable research.  The com-
mon approach of studying causes of
population cycles by measuring the
mortality caused by different agents,
such as predatory birds or parasites,
(20)        has been unproductive in the case of
        lepidoptera.  Moreover, population
        ecologists’ attempts to alter cycles
by changing the caterpillars’ habitat
and by reducing caterpillar popula-
(25)        tions have not succeeded.  In short,
the evidence implies that these insect
populations, if not self-regulating, may
at least be regulated by an agent more
intimately connected with the insect than
(30)        are predatory birds or parasites.老观点及其方法
      Recent work suggests that this
agent may be a virus.  For many
        years, viral disease had been
reported in declining populations
(35)         of caterpillars, but population ecolo-
gists had usually considered viral
disease to have contributed to the
decline once it was underway rather
than to have initiated it.  The recent
(40)        work has been made possible by
new techniques of molecular biology
that allow viral DNA to be detected
at low concentrations in the environ-
ment.  Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses
(45)        are hypothesized to be the driving
force behind population cycles in
lepidoptera in part because the
viruses themselves follow an infec-
tious cycle in which, if protected from
(50)        direct sun light, they may remain
virulent for many years in the envi-
ronment, embedded in durable
crystals of polyhedrin protein.
Once ingested by a caterpillar,
(55)        the crystals dissolve, releasing
the virus to infect the insect’s cells.
Late in the course of the infection,
millions of new virus particles are
formed and enclosed in polyhedrin
(60)        crystals.  These crystals reenter the
environment after the insect dies and
decomposes, thus becoming avail-
able to infect other caterpillars.新观点及其论据
      One of the attractions of this
(65)        hypothesis is its broad applicability.
Remarkably, despite significant differ-
ences in habitat and behavior, many
species of lepidoptera have population
cycles of similar length, between eight
(70)        and eleven years.  Nuclear polyhe-
drosis viral infection is one factor these
disparate species share.

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题目基本相同,可能有变体
T-9-20:GWD-13-34:
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s conclusion in lines 25-30?
A.    New research reveals that the number of species of birds and parasites that prey on lepidoptera has dropped significantly in recent years.
B.    New experiments in which the habitats of lepidoptera are altered in previously untried ways result in the shortening of lepidoptera population cycles.
C.    Recent experiments have revealed that the nuclear polyhedrosis virus is present in a number of predators and parasites of lepidoptera.
D.    Differences among the habitats of lepidoptera species make it difficult to assess the effects of weather on lepidoptera population cycles.
E.    Viral disease is typically observed in a large proportion of the lepidoptera population.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
T-9-21:GWD-13-35:
It can be inferred from the passage that the mortality caused by agents such as predatory birds or parasites was measured in an attempt to
        
A.    develop an explanation for the existence of lepidoptera population cycles
B.    identify behavioral factors in lepidoptera that affect survival rates
C.    identify possible methods for controlling lepidoptera population growth
D.    provide evidence that lepidoptera populations are self-regulating
E.    determine the life stages of lepidoptera at which mortality rates are highest
--------------------------------------------------------------------
T-9-22:GWD-13-36:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
        
A.    describe the development of new techniques that may help to determine the driving force behind population cycles in Lepidoptera
B.    present evidence that refutes a particular theory about the driving force behind population cycles in Lepidoptera
C.    present a hypothesis about the driving force behind population cycles in Lepidoptera


D.    describe the fluctuating patterns of population cycles in Lepidoptera
E.    question the idea that a single driving force is behind population cycles in Lepidoptera

--------------------------------------------------------------------
T-9-23:GWD-13-37:
According to the passage, before the discovery of new techniques for detecting viral DNA, population ecologists believed that viral diseases
A.    were not widely prevalent among insect populations generally
B.    affected only the caterpillar life stage of lepidoptera
C.    were the driving force behind lepidoptera population cycles
D.    attacked already declining caterpillar populations
E.    infected birds and parasites that prey on various species of Lepidoptera

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19.        美国和canada之间的比较,
不够时间做所以不记得,估计是说export还是tax的

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20.        公司贷款抵押
主要是讲经济学上一种叫做screening啥玩意的模型。
第一段讲假设公司分两种:low cost公司和 high cost,显然high cost偿还银行贷款的能力更弱,银行因此更不愿意把钱贷给他们,所以银行发贷款前要审查;
第二段讲审查是要成本的,因此呢,那些low cost公司等于就在补贴 high cost公司了(因为low cost其实是不需要审查的);
第三段讲鉴于此,low cost公司就为贷款提供担保,好让银行把他们从 high cost公司里挑出了,而不用审查,避免补贴 high cost公司(这句话有题);
第四段讲这个手段为什么有效呢,因为 high cost公司模仿的成本很高——如果他们提供抵押担保的话,他们是很容易还不了债而出去抵押物的。后面的题目不难,找准定位即可。

讲为什么公司在贷款时要抵押。整篇完全在讲一个经济模型。
P1,说银行贷款时往往碰到两类公司,Low-cost 和high-cost(以下简称好和坏)。说了下好公司风险低,借了钱还的概率比较高。但是在实际中,外表上看银行是区分不了这两类公司的。讲的是模型的假设
P2,说银行贷款审查时要收费,好的公司和差的公司都要交,而好的公司实际上不必要审查,由于银行不审查区别不了才这么做,这实际上相当于好公司补贴坏公司。于是为了躲避审查,给抵押就是一个好办法。从而好公司都愿意给抵押,而坏公司大多不愿意。
P3, 开始讲抵押。好公司为了让自己区分于坏公司,就说提供抵押,因为坏公司项目失败可能性高,自己都没信心所以不愿意给抵押,而好公司相反。 但好公司给抵押也要一定程度的,至少抵押多到坏公司不愿给的程度。

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考题
1)        题目1,问了下列哪个说法正确,就是绕来绕去的选项,我选的是坏公司比好公司更有可能进行欺骗性的抵押
2)        题目2,好公司为什么要给抵押,我选的是不去进行审查从而躲避对坏公司的变相补贴
3)        问题好像有:
(1)银行只对批准贷款的公司作风险评估,为什么?
(2)high cost firms 在什么情况下会去做质押?

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21.        超市价格战略
By 大个钊(710)一个关于超市价格战略的,说有两种,一种是 每天降价, 一种是偶尔降价,然后消费者有两种,一种是一次买一揽子的,一种是经常去但每次买的少的(类似于退休的老头老太太没事天天逛超市专买特价的)然后讲这两种策略对这两种人的影响,题不难

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