babyboy

Passage 40
In an unfinished but highly suggestive  series of essays, the late Sarah Eisentein has focused
attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First
World War. Eisenstein argues  that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected
what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available
ideologies-feminism, socialism, trade unionism-and modified or adapted them in light of their won
experiences and needs. In thus maintaining  that wages-work helped to produce a new
“consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial
proposal  by Leslie Tentler  that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the
attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler , the degrading conditions under
which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and
esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contras t, Eisenstein’s study insists  that
wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly,
her work aims to demonstrate  that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a
distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists  that as a
group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation
until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one
another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished  study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or
detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall
plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited  nature of the sources she
depended on. She use the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she
acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there
is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a
significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions,
Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the
challenges they offer.

tantalizing ['tæntəlaiziŋ] adj. 撩人的；逗引性的；干着急的v. 惹弄；逗弄人
hint [hint] n. 暗示；线索vt. 暗示；示意vi. 示意
结论解释型
社会现象：妇女
逻辑简图：SE观点…与LT观点相反，LT观点…,  SE 观点….
SE观点不完整，缺点…

babyboy

Passage 40
In an unfinished but highly suggestive  series of essays, the late Sarah Eisentein has focused
attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First
World War. Eisenstein argues  that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected
what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available
ideologies-feminism, socialism, trade unionism-and modified or adapted them in light of their won
experiences and needs. In thus maintaining  that wages-work helped to produce a new
“consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial
proposal  by Leslie Tentler  that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the
attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler , the degrading conditions under
which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and
esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contras t, Eisenstein’s study insists  that
wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly,
her work aims to demonstrate  that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a
distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists  that as a
group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation
until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one
another.
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished  study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or
detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall
plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited  nature of the sources she
depended on. She use the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she
acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there
is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a
significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions,
Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the
challenges they offer.

tantalizing ['tæntəlaiziŋ] adj. 撩人的；逗引性的；干着急的v. 惹弄；逗弄人
hint [hint] n. 暗示；线索vt. 暗示；示意vi. 示意
结论解释型
社会现象：妇女
逻辑简图：SE观点…与LT观点相反，LT观点…,  SE 观点….
SE观点不完整，缺点…

babyboy

Passage 43
Homeostasis, an animal’s maintenance of certain internal variables within an acceptable range,
particularly in extreme physical environments , has long interested biologists. The desert rat and
the camel in the most water-deprived environments, and marine vertebrates in an all-water
environment, encounter the same regulatory problem: maintaining adequate internal fluid balance.
For desert rats and camels , the problem  is conservation of water in an environment where standing
water is nonexistent, temperature is high, and humidity is low. Despite these handicaps, desert rats
are able to maintain the osmotic pressure of their blood, as well as their total boy-water content, at
approximately the same levels as other rats. One countermeasure  is behavioral: these rats stay in
burrows during the hot part of the day, thus avoiding loss of fluid through panting or sweating,
which are regulatory mechanisms for maintaining internal body temperature by evaporative
cooling. Also,  desert rats’ kidneys can excrete a urine having twice as high a salt content as sea
water.
Camels , on the other hand, rely more on simple endurance. They cannot store water, and their reliance on an entirely unexceptional kidney results in a rate of water loss through renal function significantly higher than that of desert rats.  As a result, camels must tolerate losses in body water of up to thirty percent of their body weight. Nevertheless, camels do rely on a special mechanism to keep water loss within a tolerable range: by seating and panting only when their body temperature exceeds that which would kill a human, they conserve internal water.
Marine vertebrates  experience difficulty  with their water balance because though there is no
shortage of seawater to drink, they must drink a lot of it to maintain their internal fluid balance.
But the excess salts from the seawater must be discharged somehow, and the kidneys of most
marine vertebrates are unable to excrete a urine in which the salts are more concentrated than in
seawater. Most of these animals have special salt-secreting organs outside the kidney that enable
them to eliminate excess salt.


pant [pænt] vi. 渴望；喘息；气喘吁吁地说出某事vt. 气喘n. 气喘；喘息；喷气声
unexceptional [,ʌnik'sepʃənəl] adj. 非例外的；普通的
renal ['ri:nəl] adj. 肾脏的，肾的

babyboy

结论解释型
自然科学——生物
逻辑简图：科学家对一个现象很感兴趣：动物在极端环境下内部变量维持在一个可接受范围。沙漠鼠、骆驼、海底脊椎动物都面临一个问题：维持合适的液体平衡。
第二段：沙漠鼠面临的问题是….，有两种解决办法：
第三段：骆驼面临的问题是：，解决办法是：
第四段：海底脊椎动物面临的问题是：，解决办法是：

主题题
261. Which of the following most accurately states the purpose of the passage?
(A) To compare two different approaches to the study of homeostasis
(B) To summarize the findings of several studies regarding organisms’ maintenance of internal
variables in extreme environments
(C) To argue for a particular hypothesis regarding various organisms’ conservation of water in
desert environments
(D) To cite examples of how homeostasis is achieved by various organisms
(E) To defend a new theory regarding the maintenance of adeuate fluid balance

罗马题
262. According to the passage, the camel maintains internal fluid balance in which of the
following ways?
I. By behavioral avoidance of exposure to conditions that lead to fluid loss
II. By an ability to tolerate high body temperatures
III. By reliance on stored internal fluid supplies
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

错题/信息题/强对比取非题：
263. It can be inferred from the passage that some mechanisms that regulate internal body
temperature, like sweating and panting, can lead to which of the following?
(A) A rise in the external body temperature 相反
(B) A drop in the body’s internal fluid level（The passage states that camels conserve internal water by sweating and panting only when they reach very high body temperatures. Since camels conserve internal water by not panting and sweating, it can be inferred that sweating and panting decrease the body’s internal fluid level.）
(C) A decrease in the osmotic pressure of the blood
(D) A decrease in the amount of renal water loss
(E) A decrease in the urine’s salt content

信息题
264. It can be inferred from the passage that the author characterizes the camel’s kidney as
“entirely unexceptional” (line 24) primarily to emphasize that it
(A) functions much as the kidney of a rat functions
(B) does not aid the camel in coping with the exceptional water loss resulting from the extreme
conditions of its environment
(C) does not enbale the camel to excrete as much salt as do the kidneys of marine vertebrates
(D) is similar in structure to the kidneys of most mammals living in water-deprived
environments
(E) requires the help of other organs in eliminating excess salt

19 D 04:24
20 E 00:39
21 C 01:01
22 D 00:42
23 C 02:20
24 E 01:05

119 E 02:58
120 B 01:01
121 E 01:00
122 C 01:21
123 D 00:29
124 B 01:14

249 B 04:58
250 D 01:26
251 C 00:54
252 B 03:51

261 D 03:46
262 B 02:09
263 D 00:54
264 B 04:12

错误率20%
超时率20%
总时间没有超时

babyboy

Passage 8
Prior to 1975 , union efforts to organize public-sector
clerical workers, most of whom are women, were some-
what limited. The factors favoring unionization drives
seem to have been either  the presence of large numbers
(5) of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the
effort, or  the concentration of small numbers in one or
two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively
easy, Receptivity to unionization on the workers, part
was also  a consideration, but  when there were large
(10) numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only
unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multioccupa-
tional unions would often try to organize them regard-
less of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic
reasoning was based, first , on the concern that politi-
(15) cians and administrators might play off unionized
against nonunionized workers, and, second,  on the
conviction that a fully unionized public work force
meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the
legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few
(20) in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and
expressed no interest in being organized, unions more
often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.
But  since the mid-1970’s,  a different strategy has
emerged. In 1977,  34 percent of government clerical
(25) workers were represented by a labor organization,
compared with 46 percent of government professionals,
44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and
41 percent of government service workers, Since then,
however, the biggest increases in public-sector unioniza-
(30) tion have been among clerical workers. Between 1977
and 1980 , the number of unionized government workers
in blue-collar and service occupations increased only
about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations
the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers
(35) in particular, the increase was 22 percent.
What accounts for this upsurge in unionization
among clerical workers?  First , more women have entered
the work force in the past few years, and more of them
plan to remain working until retirement age. Conse-
(40) quently , they are probably more concerned than their
predecessors were about job security and economic bene-
fits. Also , the women’s movement has succeeded in legit-
imizing the economic and political activism of women on
their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive atti-
(45) tude toward unions47题. The absence of any comparable
increase in unionization among private-sector clerical
workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst -the
structural change in the multioccupational public-sector
unions themselves. Over the past twenty years , the occu-
(50) pational distribution in these unions has been steadily
shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predomi-
nantly white-collar. Because there are far more women
in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of
female members has accompanied the occupational shift
(55) and has altered union policy-making in favor of orga-
nizing women and addressing women’s issues.

clerical ['klerikəl] adj. 牧师的；办事员的；书记的 n. 牧师
clerical worker： 文书工作者
receptivityn. 接受能力；感受性
play off against使对抗
collar ['kɔlə] n. 衣领；颈圈vt. 给…上领子；给…套上颈圈；
catalyst ['kætəlist] n. 催化剂；刺激因素

babyboy

社会现象——妇女
新老观点对比
逻辑简图：第一段：1975年前，文职工作人员没有联合工会，影响联合工会的因素有三个：人数多，集中度大，有兴趣。文职工作人员如果人数多，或是唯一没有被联合的团体的话即使没有兴趣也会被联合，因为1。。。2。。。 但是三个因素都不满足就忽视他们联合
第二段：1975年后，有不同的战略。文职工作人员的数量上升。为什么有这种上升趋势？1.越来越多的妇女参加工作 2妇女运动。。。。。因此来联合策略转变向妇女考虑

信息题：定位1977
43. According to the passage, the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977 were
(A) professionals人数最多，最有可能
(B) managers
(C) clerical workers
(D) service workers
(E) blue-collar workers

In order to 题：如果出现解释原因，注意解释的是什么，定位在题目的前面
44. The author cites union efforts to achieve a fully unionized work force (line 13-19) in order to account for why
(A) politicians might try to oppose public-sector union organizing
(B) public-sector unions have recently focused on organizing women
(C) early organizing efforts often focused on areas where there were large numbers of workers
(D) union efforts with regard to public-sector clerical workers increased dramatically after 1975
(E) unions sometimes tried to organize workers regardless of the workers’ initial interest in unionization

逻辑题：加强题
45. The author’s claim that, since the mid-1970’s, a new strategy has emerged in the unionization of public-sector clerical workers (line 23 ) would be strengthened if the author
(A) described more fully the attitudes of clerical workers toward labor unions老战略
(B) compared the organizing strategies employed by private-sector unions with those of public-sector unions
(C) explained why politicians and administrators sometimes oppose unionization of clerical workers
(D) indicated that the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers was increasing even before the mid-1970’s（weaken）
(E) showed that the factors that favored unionization drives among these workers prior to 1975 have decreased in importance（the old circumstances discussed in the first paragraph have become less important, further necessitating the adoption of a new strategy in place of an old strategy suitable to those older circumstances.)

错题：EXCEPT题型 考旧观点，往往错误选项是说新观点
46. According to the passage, in the period prior to 1975, each of the following considerations helped determine whether a union would attempt to organize a certain group of clerical workers EXCEPT
(A) the number of clerical workers in that group
(B) the number of women among the clerical workers in that group出现在第二段1975年后的情况
(C) whether the clerical workers in that area were concentrated in one workplace or scattered over several workplaces
(D) the degree to which the clerical workers in that group were interested in unionization
(E) whether all the other workers in the same jurisdiction as that group of clerical workers were unionized（the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction）

信息题
47. The author states that which of the following is a consequence of the women’s movement of recent years?
(A) An increase in the number of women entering the work force
(B) A structural change in multioccupational public-sector unions
(C) A more positive attitude on the part of women toward unions
(D) An increase in the proportion of clerical workers that are women
(E) An increase in the number of women in administrative positions

主题题
48. The main concern of the passage is to
(A) advocate particular strategies for future efforts to organize certain workers into labor unions
(B) explain differences in the unionized proportions of various groups of public-sector workers
(C) evaluate the effectiveness of certain kinds of labor unions that represent public-sector workers
(D) analyzed and explain an increase in unionization among a certain category of workers
(E) describe and distinguish strategies appropriate to organizing different categories of workers

babyboy

社会现象——妇女
新老观点对比
逻辑简图：第一段：1975年前，文职工作人员没有联合工会，影响联合工会的因素有三个：人数多，集中度大，有兴趣。文职工作人员如果人数多，或是唯一没有被联合的团体的话即使没有兴趣也会被联合，因为1。。。2。。。 但是三个因素都不满足就忽视他们联合
第二段：1975年后，有不同的战略。文职工作人员的数量上升。为什么有这种上升趋势？1.越来越多的妇女参加工作 2妇女运动。。。。。因此来联合策略转变向妇女考虑

信息题：定位1977
43. According to the passage, the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977 were
(A) professionals人数最多，最有可能
(B) managers
(C) clerical workers
(D) service workers
(E) blue-collar workers

In order to 题：如果出现解释原因，注意解释的是什么，定位在题目的前面
44. The author cites union efforts to achieve a fully unionized work force (line 13-19) in order to account for why
(A) politicians might try to oppose public-sector union organizing
(B) public-sector unions have recently focused on organizing women
(C) early organizing efforts often focused on areas where there were large numbers of workers
(D) union efforts with regard to public-sector clerical workers increased dramatically after 1975
(E) unions sometimes tried to organize workers regardless of the workers’ initial interest in unionization

逻辑题：加强题
45. The author’s claim that, since the mid-1970’s, a new strategy has emerged in the unionization of public-sector clerical workers (line 23 ) would be strengthened if the author
(A) described more fully the attitudes of clerical workers toward labor unions老战略
(B) compared the organizing strategies employed by private-sector unions with those of public-sector unions
(C) explained why politicians and administrators sometimes oppose unionization of clerical workers
(D) indicated that the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers was increasing even before the mid-1970’s（weaken）
(E) showed that the factors that favored unionization drives among these workers prior to 1975 have decreased in importance（the old circumstances discussed in the first paragraph have become less important, further necessitating the adoption of a new strategy in place of an old strategy suitable to those older circumstances.)

错题：EXCEPT题型 考旧观点，往往错误选项是说新观点
46. According to the passage, in the period prior to 1975, each of the following considerations helped determine whether a union would attempt to organize a certain group of clerical workers EXCEPT
(A) the number of clerical workers in that group
(B) the number of women among the clerical workers in that group出现在第二段1975年后的情况
(C) whether the clerical workers in that area were concentrated in one workplace or scattered over several workplaces
(D) the degree to which the clerical workers in that group were interested in unionization
(E) whether all the other workers in the same jurisdiction as that group of clerical workers were unionized（the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction）

信息题
47. The author states that which of the following is a consequence of the women’s movement of recent years?
(A) An increase in the number of women entering the work force
(B) A structural change in multioccupational public-sector unions
(C) A more positive attitude on the part of women toward unions
(D) An increase in the proportion of clerical workers that are women
(E) An increase in the number of women in administrative positions

主题题
48. The main concern of the passage is to
(A) advocate particular strategies for future efforts to organize certain workers into labor unions
(B) explain differences in the unionized proportions of various groups of public-sector workers
(C) evaluate the effectiveness of certain kinds of labor unions that represent public-sector workers
(D) analyzed and explain an increase in unionization among a certain category of workers
(E) describe and distinguish strategies appropriate to organizing different categories of workers

babyboy

55. The passage is chiefly concerned with
(A) arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations
(B) warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences
(C) demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms
receive from the United States government
(D) advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports
(E) recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices

56. It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which
of the following?
(A) A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.
(B) A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.
(C) A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.
(D) The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.
(E) The company requesting import relief has been barred from exporting products to the country of its foreign competitor.

57. The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?
(A) It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.
(B) It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.
(C) It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained.
(D) It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.
(E) It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.

58. The passage warns of which of the following dangers?
(A) Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.
(B) Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.
(C) Companies that are United States-owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.
(D) Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.
(E) Companies in the United States that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials.

59. The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws?
(A) They will eliminate the practice of “dumping” products in the United States.
(B) They will enable manufacturers in the United States to compete more profitably outside the United States.
(C) They will affect United States trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.
(D) Those that help one unit within a parent company will not necessarily help other units in the company.
(E) Those that are applied to international companies will accomplish their intended result.

60. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the complaint mentioned in the last paragraph?
(A) The ITC acted unfairly toward the complainant in its investigation.
(B) The complaint violated the intent of import relief laws.
(C) The response of the ITC to the complaint provided suitable relief from unfair trade practices to the complainant.
(D) The ITC did not have access to appropriate information concerning the case.
(E) Each of the companies involved in the complaint acted in its own best interest.

babyboy

55. The passage is chiefly concerned with
(A) arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations
(B) warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences
(C) demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms
receive from the United States government
(D) advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports
(E) recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices

56. It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which
of the following?
(A) A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.
(B) A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.
(C) A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.
(D) The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.
(E) The company requesting import relief has been barred from exporting products to the country of its foreign competitor.

57. The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?
(A) It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.
(B) It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.
(C) It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained.
(D) It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.
(E) It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.

58. The passage warns of which of the following dangers?
(A) Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.
(B) Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.
(C) Companies that are United States-owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.
(D) Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.
(E) Companies in the United States that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials.

59. The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws?
(A) They will eliminate the practice of “dumping” products in the United States.
(B) They will enable manufacturers in the United States to compete more profitably outside the United States.
(C) They will affect United States trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.
(D) Those that help one unit within a parent company will not necessarily help other units in the company.
(E) Those that are applied to international companies will accomplish their intended result.

60. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the complaint mentioned in the last paragraph?
(A) The ITC acted unfairly toward the complainant in its investigation.
(B) The complaint violated the intent of import relief laws.
(C) The response of the ITC to the complaint provided suitable relief from unfair trade practices to the complainant.
(D) The ITC did not have access to appropriate information concerning the case.
(E) Each of the companies involved in the complaint acted in its own best interest.

babyboy

disregard [disri'ɡɑ:d] vt. 忽视；不理；漠视；不顾 n. 忽视；不尊重
femininity [femi'niniti] n. 温柔；柔弱性；女子本性
hoary ['hɔ:ri] adj. 灰白的；久远的，古老的
purview ['pə:vju:] n. 范围，权限；视界；条款
commensurate [kə'menʃərit] adj. 相称的；同量的；同样大小的
beckon ['bekən] vt. 召唤；吸引vi. （招手或点头）示意；吸引n. 表召唤的点头；手势
persistence [pə'sistəns, -'zis-] n. 持续；存留；固执
社会现象——妇女
现象解释型
逻辑简图：第一段：研究妇女劳动力的历史学家忽视了服务业，重视工厂工作，原因有二：一、工厂的工作与家务不同，二、工厂的工作没有性别歧视证实了妇女革命的效果。但是，即使在工厂劳动力中，性别歧视仍然存在。
第二段：为了解释这种妇女革命未成功现象，科学家强调现在对妇女的理解往往决定了工作的类型，举例子纺织业
第三段：20世纪这种现象仍然存在…

错题/信息题：
190. According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was
(A) greatly diminished by labor mobilization during the Second World War反
(B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage labor
(C) one means by which women achieved greater job security
(D) reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious无
原文说即使利润很高时，雇主对改变态度仍没有兴趣
(E) a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry无

信息题：定位第一段原因
191. According to the passage, historians of women’s labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of
research than service-sector work because factory work
(A) involved the payment of higher wages
(B) required skill in detailed tasks
(C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation（gender-blind同义转换）
(D) was more readily accepted by women than by men
(E) fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism better

信息题：定位第一段原因之一
192. It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little
attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because
(A) the extreme variety of these occupations made it very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics about them
(B) fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work
(C) the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector
(D) women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory work
(E) employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with
Homemaking

信息题：定位第二段例子
193. The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second
paragraph?
(A) They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive “female” jobs they would discourage women from losing
interest in marriage and family life.
(B) They sought to increase the size of the available labor force as a means to keep men’s to keep men’s wages
low.
280
(C) They argued that women were inherently suited to do well in particular kinds of factory work.
(D) They thought that factory work bettered the
condition of women by emancipating them from
dependence on income earned by men.
(E) They felt guilty about disturbing the traditional
division of labor in family.


信息题：指代
194. It can be inferred from the passage that the “unfinished revolution” the author mentions in line 13 refers to the
(A) entry of women into the industrial labor market
(B) recognition that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated at rates comparable to those
prevailing in the service sector of the economy
(C) development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces of industrialism
(D) introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professions
(E) emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation

错题/信息题
195. The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the United States?
(A) After a crisis many formerly “male” jobs are reclassified as “female” jobs.反
(B) Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience as homemakers.无
(C) Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of their wartime gains in employment
opportunity.
(D) Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women for factory work.无
(E) The service sector of the economy has proved more nearly gender-blind in its hiring policies than has the
manufacturing sector.反

作者态度题
196. Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passage concerning the notion that
women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?
(A) “patient” (line 21)
(B) “repetitive” (line 21)
(C) “hoary” (line 22)
(D) “homemaking” (line 23)
(E) “purview” (line 24)

错题/段落作用题：
197. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the final paragraph to the passage as a whole?
(A) The central idea is reinforced by the citation of evidence drawn from twentieth-century history.
(B) The central idea is restated in such a way as to form a transition to a new topic for discussion.
(C) The central idea is restated and juxtaposed with evidence that might appear to contradic it.
(D) A partial exception to the generalizations of the central idea is dismissed as unimportant.
(E) Recent history is cited to suggest that the central idea’s validity is gradually diminishing.