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10.(Z6-40) From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent.

If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?

A.        United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
B.        Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
C.        The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
D.        United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
E.        A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.

例题答案：ECBCA EAECB

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练习题：
1. Advertisement: Today's customers expect high quality. Every advance in the quality of manufactured products raises customer expectations. The company that is satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find that its customers are not. At MegaCorp, meeting or exceeding customer expectations is our goal.

Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?

(A)        MegaCorp's competitors will succeed in attracting customers only if those competitors adopt MegaCorp's goal as their own.
(B)        A company that does not correctly anticipate the expectations of its customers is certain to fail in advancing the quality of its products.
(C)        MegaCorp's goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are possible.
(D)        If a company becomes satisfied with the quality of its products, then the quality of its products is sure to decline.
(E)        MegaCorp's customers are currently satisfied with the quality of its products.

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2. Social scientists are underrepresented on the advisory councils of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Since these councils advise NIH directors and recommend policy, the underrepresentation of social scientists results in a relative lack of NIH financial support for research in the social sciences.
If the statements above are correct, they most strongly support which of the following?
(A)        A significant increase in the size of NIH advisory councils would be required in order to increase the representation of social scientists on these councils.
(B)        A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils would result in an increase in NIH funding for social science research.
(C)        A significant increase in funding for social science research would result in improved policy' recommendations to NIH directors.
(D)        A significant increase in funding for the training of social scientists would result in an increase in the number of social scientists on NIH advisory councils.
(E)        A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils would have to precede any increase in the number of NIH directors who are social scientists.

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3.(Z7-13)Fact: Asthma, a bronchial condition, is much less common ailment than hay fever, an allergic inflammation of the nasal passages.

Fact: over 95 percent of people who have asthma also suffer from hay fever.

If the information given as facts above is true, which of the following must also be true?

A.        Hay fever is a prerequisite for the development of asthma
B.        Asthma is a prerequisite for the development of hay fever
C.        Those who have neither hay fever nor asthma comprise less than 5 percent of the total population
D.        The number of people who have both of these ailments is greater than the number of people who have only one of them  
E.        The percentage of people suffering from hay fever who also have asthma is lower than 95 percent.

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4. (Z8-30)The quality of unrefined olive oil is not actually defined in terms of acidity, yet extensive tests have shown that the less free oleic acid an unrefined olive oil contains per liter, the higher its quality.  The proportion of free oleic acid that an olive oil contains is an accurate measure of the oil’s acidity.

If the statements above are all true, which of the following conclusions is best supported by them?

A.        When an olive oil is refined, the concentration of oleic acid in the oil is reduced.
B.        The quality of an unrefined olive oil can be determined only by accurately measuring its acidity.
C.        If an unrefined olive oil is intermediate in acidity between two other unrefined olive oils, it will also be intermediate between them in quality.
D.        Free oleic acid is the only acid that unrefined olive oil contains.
E.        People who judge the quality of unrefined olive oils actually judge those oils by their acidity, which the judges can taste.

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5.(Z11-23)Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria.  Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.

The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?

A.        Mice that are unable either to make macrophages or to make them in sufficient numbers will protect themselves from bacterial infections in some other way.
B.        Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections.
C.        In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates or inhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.
D.        When a healthy mouse becomes infected with an invasive organism, the number of macrophages in the mouse’s body decreases.
E.        Injections of nitrates into mice that lack macrophages will not enhance the ability of these animals’ immune systems to fight off infection.

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6.(Z13-30) The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is highest in Sommer county.

If the statements above are true, which of the following can properly be concluded on the basis of them?

A.        No households in Merton county has an annul income of $60,000 or more
B.        Some households in Merton county have an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000
C.        The number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton than in Sommer county.
D.        Average annual household income is higher in Sommer than in Merton county.
E.        The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer than in Merton county.

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7. Among the more effective kinds of publicity that publishers can get for a new book is to have excerpts of it published in a high-circulation magazine soon before the book is published. The benefits of such excerption include not only a sure increase in sales but also a fee paid by the magazine to the book's publisher.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?

(A)        The number of people for whom seeing an excerpt of a book in a magazine provides an adequate substitute for reading the whole book is smaller than the number for whom the excerpt stimulates a desire to read the book.
(B)        Because the financial advantage of excerpting a new book in a magazine usually accrues to the book's publisher, magazine editors are unwilling to publish excerpts from new books.
(C)        In calculating the total number of copies that a book has sold, publishers include sales of copies of magazines that featured an excerpt of the book.
(D)        The effectiveness of having excerpts of a book published in a magazine, measured in terms of increased sales of a book, is proportional to the circulation of the magazine in which the excerpts are published.
(E)        Books that are suitable for excerpting in high-circulation magazines sell more copies than books that are not suitable for excerpting.

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8. The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal services, the more lawyers there are who advertise their services, and the lawyers who advertise a specific service usually charge less for that service than the lawyers who do not advertise. Therefore, if the state removes any of its current restrictions, such as the one against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements, overall consumer legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current restrictions.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true?

(A)        Some lawyers who now advertise will charge more for specific services if they do not have to specify fee arrangements in the advertisements.
(B)        More consumers will use legal services if there are fewer restrictions on the advertising of legal services.
(C)        If the restriction against advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements is removed, more lawyers will advertise their services.
(D)        If more lawyers advertise lower prices for specific services, some lawyers who do not advertise will also charge less than they currently charge for those services.
(E)        If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal services were those that apply to every type of advertising, most lawyers would advertise their services.

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9．To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of Country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A)        Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within Country Z's fledgling industries.
(B)        Those products were ones that Country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C)        Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which Country Z's exports went.
(D)        Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E)        Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to Country Z's.