capsicum

107. Because of the recent transformation of the market, Quore, Inc., must increase the next two years, or it will certainly go bankrupt. In fact, however, Quore’s production structure is such that if a 10 percent productivity increase is possible, then a 20 percent increase is attainable.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?

A. It is only Quore’s production structure that makes it possible for Quore to survive the transformation of the market.
B. Quore will not go bankrupt if it achieves a productivity increase of 20 percent over the next two years.
C. If the market had not been transformed, Quore would have required no productivity increase in order to avoid bankruptcy.
D. Because of the transformation of the market, Quore will achieve a productivity increase of 10 percent over the next two years.
E. If a 20 percent productivity increase is unattainable for Quore, then it must go bankrupt.

【正确答案】E
【解题思路】
本题的类型是归纳类，即如果原文正确，可以得出什么结论或推出什么。
可简化题干的表述为：
①transformation of the market（A）→Q increase its production（B）
②Q not increase its production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C）
选项A的表述为：Q’s production structure→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），无法从题干中推出。
选项B的表述为：Q increase production（B）→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），为②的逆命题， 不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。
选项C的表述为：market had not been transformed（非A）→Q will not need to increase its production（非B），为①的逆命题， 不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。
选项D的表述为：transformation of the market（A）→Q will achieve a productivity increase，无法从题干中推出。
选项E的表述为：Q not increase production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C），与②一致。

capsicum

108. Terry: If you want to get a decent job, you should go to college.
Mark: That is not true. There are other reasons to go to college than wanting to get a good job.
Mark’s response shows that he interpreted Terry’s remarks to mean that
A. college is one of many places to get trained for a job
B. decent jobs are obtained only by persons who have gone to college
C. wanting to get a decent job is the only reason for going to college
D. training for decent jobs is available only at colleges
E. all people who want decent jobs go to college

答案：C
思路：一般对Mark 的观点取非就可以了。
A. 无关
B. 偏
C. 取非的结果，本题的关键在于other reasons
D. 支持Terry的观点，不合本题要求。
E. 无关

TEST 7

109. Several studies have shown that hospitals are not all equally successful: patients are much more likely to die in some of them than in others. Since the hospitals in the studies had approximately equal per-patient funding, differences in the quality of care provided by hospital staff are probably responsible for the differences in mortality rates.

Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

A. The staff in some of the hospital studies had earned more advanced degrees, on average, than the staff in the other hospitals.
B. Patient populations vary substantially in average severity of illness from hospital to hospital.
C. The average number of years that staff members stay on at a given job varies considerably from one hospital to another.
D. Approximately the same surgical procedures were performed in each of the hospitals covered in the studies.
E. Mortality rates for hospital patients do not vary considerably from one region of the country to another.

答案：b
思路：找出一个别的原因来解释本题中的结果。
A. 无关。
B. 指出病人的平均受伤情况不同，另一个原因，符合题目要求，是答案。
C. 无关。
D. 排除其他原因，与题目要求相反，不符。
E. 无关

capsicum

110. Animals with a certain behavioral disorder have unusually high levels of aluminum in their brain tissue. Since a silicon-based compound binds to aluminum and prevents it from affecting the brain tissue, animals can be cured to the disorder by being treated with the compound.

The argument is based on which one of the following assumptions?

A. Animals with the disorder have unusually high but invariable levels of aluminum in their brain tissue.
B. Aluminum is the cause of the disorder rather than merely an effect of it.
C. Introducing the compound into the brain tissue has no side effects.
D. The amount of the compound needed to neutralize the aluminum in an animal’s brain tissue varies depending upon the species.
E. Aluminum is never present in normal brain tissue.

答案：b
思路：本文开始没有明确指出谁是因，谁是果，只是表明两种相关联的现象。但是第二句话就假设high levels of aluminum是因，否则这个治疗就是是无效的，根据这个要求去寻找答案。
A. 文中没有提到的invariable levels of aluminum出现，与题无关。
B. 符合题目要求，是答案。
C. 没有涉及side effects。
D. 无关。
E. 文中没有提到。


111. The stated goal of the government’s funding program for the arts is to encourage the creation of works of artistic excellence. Senator Beton claims, however, that a government-funded artwork can never reflect the independent artistic conscience of the artist because artists, like anyone else who accepts financial support, will inevitably try to please those who control the distribution of that support. Senator Beton concludes that government funding of the arts not only is a burden on taxpayers but also cannot lead to the creation of works of true artistic excellence.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which Senator Beton’s argument is based?

A. Most taxpayers have little or no interest in the creation of works of true artistic excellence.
B. Government funding of the arts is more generous than other financial support most artists receive.
C. Distribution of government funds for the arts is based on a broad agreement as to what constitutes artistic excellence.
D. Once an artist has produced works of true artistic excellence, he or she will never accept government funding.
E. A contemporary work of art that does not reflect the independent artistic conscience of the artist cannot be a work of true artistic excellence.

答案：E
思路：本文关键是要把never reflect the independent artistic conscience of the artist和cannot lead to the creation of works of true artistic excellence联系起来，找出本质联系，只要存在关系independent artistic conscience of the artist包含true artistic excellence就可以证明文中的观点，因此要找出能表示此关系的答案。
A. 与题无关。
B. 无关。
C. 无关。
D. 易混淆，文中没有提到。
E. 符合要求，注意如果答案意思是the independent artistic conscience of the artist是true artistic excellence的必要条件即可，当然是充要条件也可，万一题目变化答案我们只要把握这个原则即可。

capsicum

112. Older United States automobiles have been identified as contributing disproportionately to global air pollution. The requirement in many jurisdictions that automobiles pass emission-control inspections has had the effect of taking many such automobiles out of service in the United States, as they fail inspection and their owners opt to buy newer automobiles. Thus the burden of pollution such older United States automobiles contribute to the global atmosphere will be gradually reduced over the next decade.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. It is impossible to separate the air of one country or jurisdiction from that of others, since air currents circle the globe.
B. When automobiles that are now new become older, they will, because of a design change, cause less air pollution than older automobiles do now.
C. There is a thriving market for used older Untied States automobiles that are exported to regions that have no emission-control regulations.
D. The number of jurisdictions in the United States requiring automobiles to pass emission-control inspections is no longer increasing.
E. Even if all the older automobiles in the United States were retired from service, air pollution from United States automobiles could still increase if the total number of automobiles in use should increase significantly.

The passage draws the conclusion that the share of pollution of such older US automobiles will be gradually reduced over the next 10 years. The simple reason provided is that these cars will be eliminated from the roads in the US. However, by pointing out that these cars will be used in other countries through a market exporting them to other regions, Choice C disproves the righteousness of the argument.
A, even if we cannot separate the air, it is still easy to calculate the quantity of pollution before emitting the pollution. A cannot weaken the conclusion.
B, the passage is talking about THAT part of pollution from old cars. B does not bear on the topic.
D, even if the number is not increasing, the old cars in those already passed will be put out of road. D does not weaken the conclusion.
E. The passage is focusing on THAT part of pollution from old cars. E does not bear on THAT part of pollution from old cars.

备注： 此题目原来不全，补充版本也有误，现在第二次补充，依据是：LSAT Test-4-Section III-8
主要是原来缺损Choice C.
C There is a thriving market for used older Untied States automobiles that are exported to regions that have no emission-control regulations.


113. The reforms to improve the quality of public education that have been initiated on the part of suppliers of public education have been insufficient. Therefore, reforms must be demanded by consumers. Parents should be given government vouchers with which to pay for their children’s education and should be allowed to choose the schools at which the vouchers will be spent. To attract students, academically underachieving schools will be forced to improve their academic offerings.

The argument assumes that

A. in selecting schools parents would tend to prefer a reasonable level of academic quality to greater sports opportunities or more convenient location.
B. improvement in the academic offerings of schools will be enforced by the discipline of the job market in which graduation students compete
C. there is a single best way to educate students
D. children are able to recognize which schools are better and would influence their parents’ decisions.
E. schools would each improve all of their academic offering and would not tend to specialize in one particular field to the exclusion of others.

答案：A
思路：本文关键是要把Parents to choose和forced to improve their academic offerings联系起来，文中强调的是只有家长选择学校才能迫使学校提高教学质量，也就是大家认为应该搭起一座桥来，即家长选择看重的是教学质量。否则，家长如果认为其他的原因比教学质量更重要的话，学校是不会提高教学质量的。
A. 符合题意。
B. 出现了he discipline of the job market新名词，与题目无关。
C. 无关。
D. 易混淆，文中没有提到children，弱支持本题，不如答案直接有力。
E. 无关。

capsicum

114. The number of North American children who are obese-that is, who have more body fat than do 85 percent of North American children their age---is steadily increasing, according to four major studies conducted over the past 15 years.

If the finding reported above is correct, it can be properly concluded that

A. when four majors studies all produce similar results, those studies must be accurate
B. North American children have been progressively less physically active over the past 15 years
C. the number of North American children who are not obese increased over the past 15 years
D. over the past 15 years, the number of North American children who are underweight has declined
E. the incidence of obesity in North American children tends to increase as the children grow older

答案：C
思路： 先看选项做分析
A. 归纳太偏。
B. 文中没有提到。
C. 正确，理解思路是obese是一个比例，不是具体的数据，即15％，如果obese的人数增长，说明children的总人数增加，因此本答案正确，个人认为本题不是一个好题目，但是有可能是一个类型题目的代表，相当于a占整体的一个固定比例，b占整体的一个固定比例，a和b不一定加起来就是整体，根据a数据的变化推断b数据的变化。
D. 易混淆，出现新名词underweight，文中没有提到。
E. 无关。

capsicum

115. School superintendent: It is a sad fact that, until now, entry into the academically best high school in our district has been restricted to the children of people who were wealthy enough to pay the high tuition. Parents who were previously denied the option of sending their children to this school now have the option, since I am replacing the tuition requirement with a requirement that allows only those who live in the neighborhood of the school to attend.

The superintendent’s claim about the effect of replacing the tuition requirement relies on the assumption that

A. the residents of the school’s neighborhood tent to be wealthy
B. people other than those wealthy enough to have paid the old tuition are able to live in the neighborhood of the school
C. people less wealthy than those who were able to pay the old tuition are in the majority in the district
D. there are no high schools in the district other than the one referred to by the superintendent
E. there are many people not wealthy enough to have paid the old tuition who wish to have their children attend the school

答案：B
思路： 本题中的替代办法必须顾及两点，一交不起老学费的可以来读书，而且交不起学费的应能够 live in the neighborhood of the school，如果穷人不能住在这个学校附近，这个替代是无意义的。
A. 反对文中办法。
B. 文中没有提到符合题意。
C. 太偏，文中只讨论the neighborhood of the school，are in the majority in the district并不意味着live in the neighborhood of the school。
D. 文中没有提到。
E. 易混淆，文中已经包含这个意思，不是题目要问的问题。

capsicum

116. Approximately 7.6 million women who earn incomes have preschool-age children, and approximately 6.4 million women are the sole income earners for their families. These figures indicate that there are comparatively few income-earning women who have preschool-age children but are not the sole income earners for their families.

A major flaw in the reasoning is that it

A. relies on figures that are too imprecise to support the conclusion drawn
B. overlooks the possibility that there is little or no overlap between the two populations of women cited
C. fails to indicate whether the difference between the two figures cited will tend to remain stable over time
D. ignores the possibility that families with preschool-age children might also have older children
E. provides no information on families in which men are the sole income earners

答案：B
韦恩图： 女性 有学龄前儿童

有收入

没收入

现在把圆放在有收入的矩形里。显然多种方法。请注意B里的一个词“overlap”


117. A certain viral infection is widespread among children, and about 30 percent of children infected with the virus develop middle ear infections. Antibiotics, although effective in treating bacterial infections, have no effect on the virus. Yet when middle ear infections in children infected with the virus are treated with antibiotics, the ear often clear up.

Which one of the following most helps to explain the success of the treatments with antibiotics?

A. Although some types of antibiotics fail to clear up certain infections, other types of antibiotics might provide effective treatment for those infections.
B. Children infected with the virus are particularly susceptible to bacterial that infect the middle age.
C. Many children who develop middle ear infections are not infected with the virus.
D. Most viral infections are more difficult to treat than are most bacterial infections.
E. Among children not infected with the virus, fewer than 30 percent develop middle ear infections.

答案：B
A：否定原文。无关项
C：无关项
D：对原文的论断有相反的作用
E：无关项
问题是问：help to explain。那麽答案应该是顺着原文说的。

capsicum

118. There are about 75 brand of microwave popcorn on the market altogether, they account for a little over half of the money from sales of microwave food products. It takes three minutes to pop corn in the microwave, compared to even minutes to pop corn conventionally. Yet by weight, microwave popcorn typically costs over five times as much as conventional popcorn. Judging by the popularity of microwave popcorn, many people are willing to pay a high price for just a little additional convenience.

Which one of the following statements, if true, would call into question the conclusion in the passage?

A. More than 50 percent of popcorn purchasers buy conventional popcorn rather than microwave popcorn.
B. Most people who prefer microwave popcorn do so because it is less fattening than popcorn that is popped conventionally in oil.
C. The price of microwave popcorn reflects its packaging more than it reflects the quality of the popcorn contained in the package.
D. The ratio of unpopped kernels to popped kernels is generally the same whether popcorn is popped in a microwave or conventionally in oil.
E. Because microwave popcorn contains additives not contained in conventional popcorn, microwave popcorn weights more than an equal volume of conventional popcorn.

答案：B
典型的他因削弱。原文的结论是：因为a little additional convenience而付高额价钱。题目问：call into question。B：付高价是因为脂肪少。
A，C，D，E均为无关项。


119. For a television program about astrology, investigators went into the street and found twenty volunteers born under the sign of Gemini who were willing to be interviewed on the program and to take a personality test. The test confirmed the investigators’ personal impressions that each of the volunteers was more sociable and extroverted than people are on average. This modest investigation thus supports the claim that one’s astrological birth sign influences one’s personality.

Which one of the following, if true, indicates the most serious flaw in the method used by the investigators?

A. The personality test was not administered or scored personally by the investigators.
B. People born under astrological signs other than Gemini have been judged by astrologers to be much less sociable than those born under Gemini.
C. The personal impressions the investigators first formed of other people have tended to be confirmed by the investigators’ late experience of those people.
D. There is not likely to be a greater proportion of people born under the sign of Gemini on the street than in the population as a whole.
E. People who are not sociable and extroverted are not likely to agree to participate in such an investigation.

參考答案：E
思路：因果倒置，消弱結論
A：無關選項,<即使如此也不一定證明實驗的不公性>
B：屬於前提假設 不引響結論
C：無關選項
D：無關選項（無關對比）
E：因為sociable 才接受調查, 並不是因為星座

capsicum

120. In Europe, schoolchildren devote time during each school day to calisthenics. North American schools rarely offer a daily calisthenics program. Tests prove that North America children are weaker, slower, and shorter-winded than European children. We must conclude that North American children can be made physically fit only if they participate in school calisthenics on a daily basis.

Which one of the following is assumed in the passage?

A. All children can be made physically fit by daily calisthenics.
B. All children can be made equally physically fit by daily calisthenics.
C. Superior physical fitness produces superior health.
D. School calisthenics are an in indispensable factor in European children’s
E. North American children can learn to eat a more nutritious diet as well as to exercise daily.

參考答案：D 不過D選項好像沒有講完???
思路：calisthenics=健美體操
North American schools rarely offer a daily calisthenics program. Tests prove that North America children are weaker, slower, and shorter-winded than European children.無法推得
calisthenics program是唯一使NA physically fit的原因
除非那是European非有不可的因素
A. 不需要ALL都是
B. 無關選項,和equally無關
C. 無關選項
D. 正確答案,補洞
E. 無關選項（無關對比） 而且as well as強調前者

capsicum

121. Observatory director: Some say that funding the mega telescope will benefit only the astronomers who will work with it. This dangerous point of view, applied to the work of Maxwell, Newton, or Einstein, would have satisfied their research and deprived the world of beneficial applications, such as the development of radio, that followed from that research.

If the statements above are put forward as an argument in favor of development of the mega telescope, which one of the following is the strongest criticism of that argument?

A. It appeals to the authority of experts who cannot have known all the issues involved in construction of the megatelescope.
B. It does not identify those opposed to development of the megatelescope.
C. It launches a personal attack on opponents of the megatelescope by accusing them of having a dangerous point of view.
D. It does not distinguish between the economic and the intellectual senses of “benefit”.
E. It does not show that the proposed mega telescope research is worthy of comparison with that of eminent scientists in its potential for applications.

参考思路：指出推论错误。

(E) It does not show that the proposed mega telescope research is worthy of comparison with that of eminent scientists in its potential for applications. 举的例子不具有可比性


122. Photovoltaic power plants produce electricity from sunlight. As a result of astonishing recent technological advances, the cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic power plants, allowing for both construction and operating costs, it one-tenth of what it was 20 years ago, whereas the corresponding cost for traditional plants, which burn fossil fuels, has increased. Thus, photovoltaic power plants offer a less expensive approach to meeting demand for electricity than do traditional power plants.

The conclusion of the argument is properly drawn it which one of the following is assumed?

A. the cost of producing electric power at traditional plants has increased over the past 20 years.
B. Twenty years ago, traditional power plants were producing 10 times more electric power than were photovoltaic plants.
C. None of the recent technological advances in producing electric power at photovoltaic plants can be applied to producing power at traditional plants.
D. Twenty years ago, the cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic plants was less than 10 times the cost of producing power at traditional plants.
E. The cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic plants is expected to decrease further, while the cost of producing power at traditional plants is not expected to decrease.

参考答案：D
This question requires to be identified an assumption that would allow the argument’s conclusion to be properly drawn. As the argument is stated, there is a logical gap between the information given in the premises and the claim made in the conclusion:
Premise1: The cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic power plants is one-tenth of what it was 20 years ago.
Premise 2: The corresponding cost for traditional plants has increased.
Conclusion: Photovoltaic power plants offer a less expensive approach to meeting demand for electricity than do tranditional power plants.
From the fact that one cost has gone down while another has risen, it does not necessarily follow that the first is now lower than the second. In particular, if the cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic power plants twenty years ago was more than then times the corresponding cost for traditional plants, then the fact that it is now one-tenth what it was is not sufficient to show that it is now lower than the corresponding cost for traditional plants, even though we are told in Premise 2 that the cost for traditional plants has increased. To conclude from the premises given in the argument that photovoltaic power plants now offer a less expensive approach than do traditional power plants, we need to know how the costs of the two methods of production were related 20 years ago – specifically that the cost of producing power at photovoltaic plants was less than 10 times the cost of producing it at traditional plants. (D) gives this information and is, thus, the credited response.
A. is incorrect because it tells us about only one of the two costs, not about how the two were related 20 years ago. It in effect restates premise 2, and premises 1 and 2 together are not sufficient for drawing the conclusion.
B. is incorrect. The amount of electricity produced by the different kinds of plants is not at issue.
C. is incorrect. While it is relevant tothe discussion, (C) does not provide the information about the comparative costs of the two kinds of plants 20 years ago that allows the conclusion to be properly drawn.
D. is incorrect because the conclusion in the argument is about the present only. Whether or not the change described in (E) is expected to take place has no bearing on the claim in the conclusion that the one kind of plant offers a less expensive approach at present.