[讨论][求助]几道og逻辑老题求教!

fernandochang

都是ETS过去的老题目.......求教解题思路!!!  谢谢!

24.Scientist: More than 1,000 large asteroids regularly cross the Earth’s path. Even though the probability of one colliding with the Earth is extremely slight, we should do whatever we can to reduce that probability since any such collision would be catastrophic. The best way to avoid such a disaster is to deflect the asteroids. The only known way of deflecting asteroids is by hitting them with nuclear weapons that would be stored in space stations.

The scientist’s claims are structured so as to lead to which of the following conclusions?

(A)Nuclear technology is the only technology that can plausibly be used to prevent natural catastrophes.
(B)Nuclear weapons should be deployed in space.
(C)No catastrophe has yet been caused by the collision of an asteroid with the Earth.
(D)The 1,000 large asteroids that cross the Earth’s path pose only an extremely slight risk of colliding with the Earth.
(E)There is currently no acceptable use to which nuclear weapons can be put, aside from protecting the Earth from asteroids.
A):B

25.A group of subjects saw a film of two cars colliding. Immediately afterward, half of the group were asked a set of questions about the cars “bumping” into one another, while the other half were asked the same questions but with the verb “smash” substituted for “bump.” In later descriptions of the filmed collision, subjects in the latter half were more likely to remember seeing broken glass.

The experiment described above best supports which of the following conclusions about eye-witness testimony?

(A)A witness who is agitated at the time of an event is likely to give less accurate testimony than is a calm witness.
(B)A witness’ perception of an event will be distorted if inflammatory language is used by the questioner.
(C)The manner in which a witness is questioned after an event can influence the recollection of the witness.
(D)Most eyewitness testimony can be assumed to contain inaccurate elements.
(E)Special questioning techniques can be developed that will be more conducive to eliciting accurate information from witness than traditional techniques have been.
A):C     

26. Recently a number of writers have proposed that our ancestors were influenced by visits from extraterrestrials and that these visitors were the builders of such monuments as the pyramids of Egypt.

Which of the following statement, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the proposal described above?

(A)The level of technology achieved by our ancestors who designed and built the monuments in question was actually much higher than it was formerly believed to be.
(B)Monuments such as the pyramids of Egypt are very often positioned so that their prominent design features point to heavenly bodies.
(C)Stories about being from heaven appear in the mythologies of cultures that could have had no interchange with one another.
(D)Modern builders cannot conceive of a way to duplicate the monuments without resorting to the most recent technological innovations.
(E)Any extraterrestrial civilization advanced enough to have interplanetary space travel during the time of our ancestors could easily find means of communicating with them.
A)

27.Nineteenth-century art critics judged art by the realism of its method of representation. It was assumed that the realistic method developed from primitive beginnings to the perfection of formal realism. It is one of the permanent gains of the aesthetic revolution of the twentieth century that we are rid of this type of aesthetics.

It can be inferred from the passage above that the artistic revolution of the twentieth century had which of the following effects?

(A)It deemphasized realistic representation as an evaluative consideration for judging works of art.
(B)It permitted modern critics to appreciate the simplicity of primitive art.
(C)It repudiated the realistic representation found in the art of the past.
(D)It reinforced traditional ways of looking at and judging great art.
(E)It allowed art critics to understand the evolution and nature of art.
A):A

28.Teenagers are often priced out of the labor market by the government-mandated minimum-wage level because employers cannot afford to pay that much for extra help. Therefore, if Congress institutes a subminimum wage, a new lower legal wage for teenagers, the teenage unemployment rate, which has been rising since 1960, will no longer increase.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A)Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen when the minimum wage has risen
(B)Since 1960 the teenage unemployment rate has risen even when the minimum wage remained constant
(C)Employers often hire extra help during holiday and warm weather seasons.
(D)The teenage unemployment rate rose more quickly in the 1970’s than it did in the 1960’s
(E)The teenage unemployment rate has occasionally declined in the years since 1960
A:B)   

29.The fact that several of the largest senior citizens’ organizations are constituted almost exclusively of middle-class elderly people has led critics to question the seriousness of those organization’s commitment to speaking out on behalf of the needs of economically disadvantaged elderly people.

Which of the following generalizations, if true, would help to substantiate the criticism implicit in the statement above?
(A)The ideology of an organization tends to reflect the traditional political climate of its locate.
(B)The needs of disadvantaged elderly people differ in some ways from those of other disadvantaged groups within contemporary society.
(C)Organized groups are better able to publicize their problems and seek redress than individuals acting alone.
(D)Middle-class elderly people are more likely to join organizations than are economically disadvantaged elderly people.
(E)People usually join organizations whose purpose is to further the economic, political or social interests of their members.
A):E

StephanieYun

27,When asked that what the artistic revolution of the twentieth century is ,
you could simply go back to the argument to look for answer. What is said in
the argument about the aesthetic revolution is that the aesthetic revolution
of the twentieth century has got rid of the kind of aethetics in Nineteenth
century. Thus (a) is the right answer, " it deemphazied the realistic representation as an
evaluative consideration for judging works of arts." .  

28.the argument says that because the government-mandated minimum wage level , which the employers couldn't pay that much for
extra help, teenagers are often priced out of the labor market. Thus , if the congress pass a new subminimum-wage level for
teenagers, the unemployment rate of teenagers which has been rising since 1960 would no longer increase in future.
To weaken this argument , it would be wise to cut off the connection between the rising unemployment rate of teenagers and
the government-mandated minimum-wage level. Holding this reasoning, we could easily find out in the five answer choices that
(b) does the right thing: even when the minimum wage remained constant, the unemployment rate
keep rising during the same period. But it's aslo clear that (b) would not be the perfect evidence
to form as a weakening factor. By itself , (b) still has its shortcoming , but among the five
answer choices, (b) is the best.


29.the argument says that the several of the largest senior citizens' organizations , which are
constituted almost exclusively by the middle-class elderly people, are critized by some
critics that these organizations could not act seriously as a committment to speak out
on behalf of the needs of the economically disadvantage elderly people. To form as a substantiate
of this criticism, we should expect to find out some argument to detail that why,or how , these
kind of organizaions could not form as a serious speaker for the needs of the economically
disadvantage elderly people.  (e) says that the people who join these organizaions are those
who expect that the organizations they join would further their members economic , political, and
social interests. Thus, (e) makes it clear that these kind of organizations could not meet their
words by their social level .



























生活是一杯清茶

StephanieYun

one by one :

26. the key to this question is to connect the construction and building of such the monuments as the pyramids of Egypt
with  the extraterrestrial vistors . To support the proposal that the extraterrestrial vistors have construct such the monuments as
the pyramids of Egypt , the answer choice would have to detail that the vistors have built the monuments and our ancestors
have not had the ability and science technology to build those monuments. Understanding this
reasoning , look into the five answer choices.  (a), The level of technology achieved by our ancestors who designed and built the monuments in question was actually much higher than it was formerly believed to be.
no matter lower or higher the level of technology achieved by our ancestors would actually be,
the technology was achieved by our ancestors and this fact is without doubt. In other words,
thers is nothing relevant to the extraterrestrial vistors. (b), Monuments such as the pyramids of Egypt are very often positioned so that their prominent design features point to heavenly bodies
yes, it's fact that the monuments of pyramids of Egypt are often positioned so that their
prominent design features would often point to heavenly bodies, but have nothing to do with
the extraterrestrial visitors. (c), Stories about being from heaven appear in the mythologies of cultures that could have had no interchange with one another.
we are told nothing about stories or mythologies in different cultures, but we are talking
about the monuments and their constructors. (E)Any extraterrestrial civilization advanced enough to have interplanetary space travel during the time of our ancestors could easily find means of communicating with them.
wrong in the same way as (c), we are told nothing about the extraterrestrial visitors' communication ability with our
ancestors , but we are trying to find out that who have built the monuments.




do you think it more clear to you ?






生活是一杯清茶

StephanieYun

one by one :

24. ask for conclusion of the argument . Look back into the argument. What is the scientist talking about?
      1)there are more than 1000 large asteroids regularly crossing the Earth's path.
      2)there is , even extremely slightly, possibility of one collision with the Earth and any such one collision would be catastrophic
      3)the best method of avoiding this kind of collision is reflecting these asteroids and th e only way of deflecting the asteroids is hitting them by neuclear weapons which are stored in the space stations.

all above is formed as a whole evidence base to lead to some implicit conclusion . Then look into the five answer choices . (a) , nothing in the argument tells that the neuclear weapon is the only way to avoiding the catastrophic , but tells that neuclear weapon is the only way to deflect the asteroids. (c), clearly,  nothing tells that there has been no this kind of catastrophic caused by these asteroids in the past, and we couldn't draw any conclusion that how many , or even no catastrophics have been caused by the asteroids.(d),the frequency of the collision , in other words, the risk of the collision, is used as evidence in the argument to lead to some implicit conclusion, and is not conclusion of the argument by itself. (e), the argument only tells us that neuclear weapons could be used to deflect the asteroids , but tells nothing about in what conditions and situations the use of neuclear weapons would be acceptable , even that used to deflect the asteroids would even be unacceptable , no matter how unbelievable and crazy it sounds.
As to (b), it is easy to find out that the conclusion of the scientist is that the neuclear weapons should be at least deployed in the space station , even we wouldn't use it to deflect the asteroids.     





生活是一杯清茶

tongxun

25、在文章中，记忆事情是基于一种观察方式的：bump的那部分人肯定记得“跳起来”（往上看了）
A：agitated---calm 在文章中根本不存在。
B、E：文中根本与询问的方式无关