请教lsat T-11-S4 10,14,21

greenapple

哪位帮我看看吧,谢谢啊.

10. Decision makers tend to have distinctive styles. One such style is for the decision maker to seek the widest possible input from advisers and to explore alternatives while making up his or her mind. In fact, decision makers of this sort will often argue vigorously for a particular idea, emphasizing its strong points and downplaying its weaknesses, not because they actually believe in the idea but because they want to see if their real reservations about it are idiosyncratic or are held independently by their advisers.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statement above?

(A) If certain decision makers’ statements are quoted accurately and at length; the content of the quote could nonetheless be greatly at variance with the decision eventually make.

(B) Certain decision makers do not know which ideas they do not really believe in until after they have presented a variety of ideas to their advisers

(C) If certain decision makers dismiss an idea out of hand, it must be because its weaknesses are more pronounced than any strong points it may have.

(D) Certain decision makers proceed in a way that makes it likely that they will frequently decide in favor of ideas in which they do not believe.

(E) If certain decision makers’ advisers know the actual beliefs of those they advise, those advisers will give better advice than they would if they did not know those beliefs.
   这题我选B.答案是A,为什么啊?
14. In a learning experiment a researcher ran rats through a maze. Some of the rats were blind, others deaf, others lacked a sense of smell, and others had no sensory deficiencies: yet all the rats learned the task in much the same amount of time. Of the senses other than sight, hearing, and smell, only kinesthesia had not previously been shown to be irrelevant to maze-learning. The researcher concluded on the basis of these facts that kinesthesia, the sensation of bodily movement, is sufficient for maze-learning.

The researcher’s reasoning is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?

(A) The small differences in proficiency found by the researcher did not appear to fall into a systematic pattern by group.

(B) The possibility that the interaction of kinesthesia with at least one other sense is required for maze-learning cannot be ruled out on the basis of the data above.

(C) It can be determined from the data that rats who are deprived of one of their sources of sensory stimulation become more reliant on kinesthesia than they had been, but the data do not indicate how such a transference takes place.

(D) It can be determined from the data that rats can learn to run mazes by depending on kinesthesia alone, but the possibility that rats respond to non-kinesthetic stimulation is not ruled out.

(E) It can be determined from the data that maze-learning in rats depends on at least two sources of sensory stimulation, one of which is kinesthesia, but which of the remaining sources must also be employed is not determinable.
答案是B,但我觉得即使没有排除the interaction of kinesthesia with at least one other sense 也不访碍啊?  
21.The proper way to plan a scientific project is first to decide its goal and then to plan the best way to accomplish that goal. The United States space station project does not conform to this ideal. When the Cold War ended, the project lost its original purpose, so another purpose was quickly grafted onto the project that of conducting limited-gravity experiments, even though such experiments can be done in an alternative way. It is, therefore, abundantly clear that the space station should not be built.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

(A) attacks the proponents of a claim rather than arguing against the claim itself.

(B) Presupposes what it sets out to prove.

(C) Faults planners for not foreseeing a certain event, when in fact that event was not foreseeable.

(D) Contains statements that lead to a self-contradiction.

(E) Concludes that a shortcoming is fatal having produced evidence only of the existence of that shortcoming.
  不清楚题目在说什么,  答案是E.

greenapple

懂了,谢谢噢

atongmu

21.E.Concludes that a shortcoming is fatal having produced evidence only of the existence of that shortcoming.
文中想推理space station project没有目标（后面结论的基础）。但事实上并没有support其结论，直接把这个结论拿去用来推理后面的结论。（好比：一个公理是不帅的演员靠演技。我认为刘德华不帅，我的support为刘德华就是不帅，然后得出结论是刘德华靠演技吃饭，显然是荒谬的）

atongmu

14.有妨碍，文中结论是kinesthesia, the sensation of bodily movement, is sufficient for maze-learning！

atongmu

10.B肯定不对，提干说not because they actually believe in the idea but because they want to see if their real reservations about it are idiosyncratic or are held independently by their advisers. 并不表明Certain decision makers是否知道which ideas they do not really believe（按原文存在一种可能性是，该无聊人明知他自己都不相信一种idea，但还是会argue）.至于until after they have presented a variety of ideas to their advisers这条件更是题干没有的情况。

btw，这题我也选不出答案。A看着也别扭，那位大仙近来帮忙看看！