[求助]3 Qs asked for explanations!!!!
1.Consumer Advocate: It is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that {each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence.} However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers' legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and {if no longer required to specify fee arrangements, many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees.}
In the consumer advocate's argument, the two portions in boldface{} play which of the following roles?
(A)The first is a generalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the secound is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that generalization.
(B)The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumoer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold.
(C)The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will no hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.
(D)The first is evidence that the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
(E)The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.
(A:C
5.To evaluate a plan to save money on office-space expenditures by having its employees work at home, XYZ Company asked volunteers from its staff to try the arrangement for six months. During this period, the productivity of these employees was as high as or higher than before.
Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?
(A)The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the company's most self-motivated and independent workers.
(B)The savings that would accrue from reduced office-space expenditures alone would be sufficient to justify the arrangement for the company, apart from any productivity increases.
(C)Other companies that have achieved successful results from work-at-home plans have work forces that are substantially larger than that of XYZ.
(D)The volunteers who worked at home were able to communicate with other employees as necessary for performing the work.
(E)Minor changes in the way office work is organized at XYZ would yield increases in employee productivity similar to those achieved in the trial.
(A:A
7.In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitiors. These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A)In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.
(B)Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drug are, for the most part, countries with large populations.
(C)In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drug can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.
(D)Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.
(E)Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries that do not grant such patents.
(A |
