GWD27里面一个逻辑

Cecile8chen

Q22:

Whales originated in the freshwater lakes and rivers of ancient Asia about sixty million years ago.Not until about ten million years later did species of whales develop specialized kidneys enabling them to drink salt water.Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given

• Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.
  
• Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago, none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.
  
• Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.
  
• The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.
  
• Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.
  
  感觉这题很怪啊。A选项是对的，但是看A选项那话不合逻辑啊：化石不会在。。。里发现，能这么说么？凭什么就说不会在。。。。发现呢？
  
  我知道我现在在二级推理，但是这A我觉得别扭。有人觉得A很正常吗？大家帮我看看我思路哪不对？
  
  谢谢

Zingales

我也不太理解，怎么都查不到。把它当一种“刺激因素”看吧。。。飘走。。

happy8young

弱弱地问下，stimulus 是什么意思，今天看AA的时候也看到这个词，很困惑，查字典的意思也不是很理解

xiangyu4255

LS的几位，你们有没有注意到，这个标题是Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?
而不是Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion of the argument?

Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?是指用原文的信息来证明选项的正确性
而
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion of the argument?是指用选项来证明原文结论的正确性，也就是加强
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?的做法就是要完全符合stimulus内的信息，不能有stimulus内没有涉及的新的内容加入
Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.==>符合原文的信息，stimulus说了sixty million years ago开始到Not until about ten million years later 才有了那个很特殊的kidneys，所以说在between sixty million and fifty million years 之间，那个whales是没有办法横跨ocean的，所以就没有fossile可以被对面的continents发现了

Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago, none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.==>stimulus没有提到过任何关于only drank fresh water的事情，这个only太strong了

Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.==>和stimulus相反，因为原文已经说了还是有可能进入ocean的，只是需要经常性的会到fresh water水域，所以还是有可能fossile留下的

The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from fresh-water-drinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.==>stimulus只是说有这个kidney的区别，没有说过是only这个区别，only太强了

Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.==>这个gradually invaded by salt water有问题，因为stimulus说的是 return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink，不能做出这种gradually invaded by salt water的推测
所以只有A对

weidehou

我觉得可以这样理解：
A，对A选项取非就是，古老亚洲大陆和发现鲸鱼化石的大陆之间隔了很大的

一片海洋，而原文又说鲸鱼起源与古老亚洲大陆的淡水河湖中。所以按照原

文结论退下来，鲸鱼要经常会淡水里喝水，所以它就无法穿过广阔的海洋，

因为海洋都是盐水，那么就不可能游到对岸的大陆，所以也就不可能在那里

发现鲸鱼化石，直接与原文结论对立，削弱原文。所以取非前加强原文。

ItalyPirlo

我觉得认真读题可以解决这个问题：这个题就问的是：is most supported..那就是说结论呢
如果问which of the following most supports ..那就是在问加强。。

呃。。具体的还有啥方法呢？请NN们指教~~

chaomat1988

w我经常也弄混，什么时候是归纳题 问题也有support？ 支持题也有 support？
区别  还没有弄个清楚
请指教

Cecile8chen

谢谢解释~明白了~把is most supported看成了most support，这个题是问最可能的推论~~，而不是问加强~~

ItalyPirlo

這題是這樣理解的
6000w 年前， 鯨魚生活再古亞洲的淡水湖泊里。知道差不多1000w年後，鯨魚進化出了特別的肝臟使得他們可以暍海水。雖然一些鯨魚化石展示了沒有早時期的這種肝臟的鯨魚曾經在海水中游泳，他們還是必須經常回到淡水中。
以上為真，則可以推斷A
A. 5000w年前到6000w年前的鯨魚化石不會在那些當時被海水從古亞洲板塊所分離的大陸上被發現
題目中提到6000w年前鯨魚在淡水中，1000w年後也就是5000w年前，鯨魚生活在海水中，也就是說中間空白的1000w年時間鯨魚在進化。
因為那些陸地板塊變成海水了，未進化肝臟的鯨魚不可能生活在海水中，而是繼續生活在了剩下的淡水湖泊 然後慢慢的進化 所以這個1000w年時間中的鯨魚不可能死在海水（原先的陸地的位置）中