OG12 SC 66 which v-ing修饰问题

yaozhixinjie

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are
closely related to whales and in fact include the animal
known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30
feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting
pods.
(A) include the animal known as the killer whale,
which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
(B) include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing as big as 30 feet long and
(C) include the animal known as the killer whale,
growing up to 30 feet long and being
(D) includes the animal known as the killer whale,
which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
(E) includes the animal known as the killer whale,
which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is

想请教为什么这里用which来修饰救不会修饰32 species了？而用v-ing 就有可能修饰32species？

hoteldeville

楼主你说的这道题which不是指代之后的an extraction rate ，这里是要指代前面的整个句子，但是which不 ...
zhanghappy 发表于 2012-8-13 06:39

太赞了，豁然开朗~

yaozhixinjie

谢谢，已经明白v-ing的用法了，不过which还是有点搞不清

zhanghappy

主要是在看了这题A选项中的which解释才开始对which的指代才生疑惑，这里的which说是指代“extraction r ...
yaozhixinjie 发表于 2012-8-12 06:48

楼主你说的这道题which不是指代之后的an extraction rate ，这里是要指代前面的整个句子，但是which不能指代整个句子，所以A选项是错误的，这道题选B

which的最优选择是优先指代之前最靠近which的名词，但也有例外，例如S+V+Noun1 (单数)of Noun2(复数) ,which is
这里因为which之后的谓语是is从主谓一致上限制了只能是指代noun1

至于V-ing（摘自prep08）
1.V-ing(present participle)修饰：

V-ing结构在句子中可以做定语，状语。

1)放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配合理，V-ing结构作状语，作为：

伴随动作，表与主句动词同时发生的动作

伴随结果，表主句动作带来的结果。

此时注意其逻辑主语的判断：其所修饰分句的动作发出者。

2)如果前面是主系表结构，由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语（如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物--见OG10-39, OG11-24中对正确选项C的解释）。

例：OG10-39For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

A.a method to protect

B.as a method protecting

C.protecting

D.as a protection of

E.to protect

OG10-39的解释（注意C选项的解释）：

Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a method protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.

OG11-24的解释（注意C和E选项的解释）

Logical predication + rhetorical construction

The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment.

AA method to protect is an awkward reference to items

BThe singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic

CCorrect. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.

DBeginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness

EThe infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required

The correct answer is C.

3)现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。如下题如果前面主句的谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能。

例：OG12-21

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are

(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

答案是A。OG对D项的解释: The final descriptor in present tense,now drawing conclusions....does not fit the opening clause, which is in present-prefect tense(have amassed a wealth)and seems to midify adulthood.

yaozhixinjie

which,指代是前面最后那个名词whale

GMAT里面最基本的rule

楼主看看曼哈顿吧
kinghades 发表于 2012-8-11 09:52

主要是在看了这题A选项中的which解释才开始对which的指代才生疑惑，这里的which说是指代“extraction rate”，而不是前面的"stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day"。
The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for 50 years' production.

A.     2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for

OG的解释
A The relative phrase beginning with which is nonsensical, since thepronoun reference is inaccurate, and the phrase essentially says that theextraction rate enables the extraction rate.

prep08的解释
A. which不能修饰整个句子，在这里which指代了the extraction rate，逻辑错误；at least修饰50 years’ production才合理。

kinghades

which,指代是前面最后那个名词whale

GMAT里面最基本的rule

楼主看看曼哈顿吧

summerwaker

Growing 有歧义，优先做伴随状语修饰了species，不合逻辑 ; as big as 30 feet long ，as big as和long重复，用一个就好(size和length是同一概念) ; AND 后没动词  ,习语：be famous for