狒狒逻辑97

Hamburger530

97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory.
If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
(A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory
(B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory.
(C) For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory.
(D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory.
(E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.

答案是B。
我想问C项不是只满足了第一个条件吗，并没有满足第二个条件 it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations，为什么也是good theory呢？

请NN指点

bobdog179

哎 看了好久 貌似明白了
关于A选项 把它转化成同义的主动语态，即good theory 必须要有predict什么的……这样是不是就算说通了呢

shiningsmile

原文 C 选项有误，应为：
Elements that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of

a good theory can be the basis of a scientific model.

linyuanlyn

那请问A选项呢，A选项说关于未来的预测一定是由好的科学理论得出的，但是也有可能一些理论能够满足第二个条件即对未来作出预测，但是不能满足第一个条件呢？这样这个满足第二条件的理论就不是好的科学理论了啊？？求回答！！！

Hamburger530

就是说好的理论有两个标准，其中simplicity则概括了第一个标准，对吗？

kenwk

楼上关于C选项解释正确，不多赘述。

B，亚里士多德的理论基本四元素是earth, air, fire, and water，他们本身就是物理现象，题中说Observation of physical phenomena （物理现象）was not a major concern，这不是鬼扯么！

coloryao

我读下来，觉得B从原文中无法推出，原文讲得是a large class of observations of a model和physical phenomena无法对应。

其次C选项，我觉得可能是four elements而不是for elements吧，就算仍然是for elements，楼主对这句话的理解可能有点问题。这句话的核心意思是：简单的elements满足了好理论简洁性这个标准。满足了其中的一个标准并不意味着它就构成了好理论，所以这和原文的意思是相符的。