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[阅读资料] 6月GMAT阅读新题(1-42题)

人文科学类... 2

111     成本控制法... 2

1.1.2 copyright
2

1.1.3 企业文化... 5

1.1.4建筑技术... 7

1.1.5 改善交通理论... 9

116 专利保护法... 15

1.1.7 书店*. 15

1.1.8 外包服务*. 19

1.1.9 女性受男性影响... 22

1.2.1 boater*. 23

1.2.2 预测未来... 27

1.2.3 日本经济*. 28

1.2.4 P药与心脏病关系... 31

1.2.5 企业贷款... 32

1.2.6 企业downsize. 33

1.2.7 企业应如何解决污染... 33

1.2.8 法国女裁缝... 33

1.2.9 landlordtenant
33

1.3.1 苏联生物学家... 34

1.
GWD-11-Q35 -Q37
当代女权主义者对20年代妇女选举权运动的评价... 34

2.
GWD-4-Q5 to Q7
工业化城市化理论不能解释妇女选举权问题(以瑞士为例)... 36

1.3.3 guardianship. 39

1.3.3 南丁格尔 原文... 39

1.3.4 neo理论... 44

1.3.5 广告用气味... 44

1.3.6 妇女地位与政党... 45

自然科学类... 46

211生物进化理论... 46

2.1.2 玻璃*. 47

V2 by 沫澧 700. 47

2.1.3 地震前鸟行为... 55

2.1.4 气温上升... 56

2.1.5特殊植物... 57

2.1.6 Concrete. 60

2.1.7 生物种群的多样性... 61

2.1.8 农作物... 63

2.1.9 热带气温下降... 64

2.2.1 steam egenier
64

2.2.2 limb进化... 65

2.2.3 GWD27 q3-q6. 66

2.2.4 伽利略水泵... 69

2.2.5 galaxy cluster
70

2.2.6
海洋动物... 70

2.2.7行星颜色... 70

收藏 分享

2.2.7行星颜色
V1 by 小贝Elaine
是一种行星还是什么的 现在的颜色和10年(还是20年)前的颜色不一样了,是因为blabla因素,blabla因素,阐述这两个因素的句子不算太长,较容易懂。然后提到这行星的温度和它的一个什么条件有关:下面解释的是温度和此条件呈负相关的关系,即温度increase了,此条件就decrease了(这里有根据这个负相关关系所出的细节题:问题意思是一个升高了,会引起什么样的变化),记得还有一道跟全文观点有关的题目,具体怎么问的 记不清了。。。再次抱歉啊!!

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2.2.6        海洋动物
V1 by 小贝elaine
大致讲的是海里的两种动物(一个是鱼类 另一个忘了什么东西了)有着很特殊的生存关系。它们从不互相作为猎食对象,其中一种动物活着的时候还生存在那个鱼类的背上,而不寄生在鱼类背上的这一类动物也不会被鱼类吃掉。还讲到这类动物在活着的时候才会寄生在鱼身上,死了就自动离开了。这是前面两段的内容。
最后一段出现了两次高亮:第一次是大约4行左右的词被高亮,第一个词是Yet开头的,问题是这段高亮的话能说明什么问题之类的。
第二次是最后一段全段高亮,太长了,各种意思 基本有点看晕的状态,问题也是和全段总体内容相关的,具体题目实在想不起来了,对不起啊!
哦,对了,在文章中后部分(忘了是哪段了),写到现在还没有出现什么方法能完全清晰的说明这两种生物之间的生存关系一类。(这地方有题,问题。。。记不清了 哇)

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2.2.5 galaxy cluster
V1 by cgzjessieli740
第三篇是讲什么galaxy cluster 和galaxy,还提到black whole, heating cooling(关键词有了,大家自己google一下~~), 反正第一段说发现一个现象,然后和什么不符(好像),第二段给出一个能解释的factor, 第三段,完了,彻底失忆了~~~

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2.2.4 伽利略水泵
V1 by 千堂月莎 710
有问到 主旨,备选答案记得有 A-说明伽利略在发现某问题里的作用 B-描述 a series of scientists 不断找寻某答案的过程(我选的这个)
C-说明两种实质相同的,对某现象的解释/推论方法(应该是一对一错,不是实质相同吧)
还问了以下哪些因素与水可以上升的高度无关 选项包括什么 水管的直径 和什么什么的
V2 by michelleyiyan
再就是伽利略关于水能在pump里面通过多高的认识,后来说伽利略的认识是错误的,然后提出了另外一个人的观点
V3 by 小右twister 700+
关于气压的理论,伽利略合理接受力亚里士多德的部分理论,却在further research中astray了;然后另一个人discover了正确的理论
有一个主题题,一个小列举的提问(影响。。。的factors有哪些。。。关键词我给忘了。。。)
背景知识
阅读材料:感谢xibao大人!狗主人确定!
Galileo’s parti non quante seem to account for his curious physical treatment of vacua. His attention had been directed to failure of suction pumps and siphons for columns of water beyond a fixed height. He accounted for this by treating water as a material having its own limited tensile strength, on the analogy of rope or copper wire, which will break of its own weight if sufficiently long. The cohesion of matter seemed to him best explained by the existence of minute vacua. Not only did he fail to suggest the weight of air as an explanation of the siphon phenomena, but he rejected that explanation when it was clearly offered to him in a letter by G. B. Baliani. Yet Galileo was not only familiar with the weight of air; he had himself devised practicable methods for its determination, set forth in this same book, giving even the correction for the buoyancy of the air in which the weighing was conducted.
重要提示:http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Galileo.aspx这个是原地址, 介绍Galileo 生平. 然后大家search pump, 第一个pump的那一段就是了

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2.2.3 GWD27 q3-q6
BY ten0708
GWD-27-Q3-Q6 鸟为什么会飞的两种理论
Two opposing scenarios,        两种解释鸟飞的假设:树栖和疾走。
the “arboreal” hypothesis and
the “cursorial” hypothesis, have
Line traditionally been put forward con-
(5)  cerning the origins of bird flight.
The “arboreal” hypothesis holds      树栖论说鸟祖先爬上树滑行下来,随
that bird ancestors began to fly       着羽毛越来越大,最终飞了起来。
by climbing frees and gliding
down from branches with the
(10) help of incipient feathers: the
height of trees provides a good
starting place for launching flight,
especially through gliding. As
feathers became larger over time,
(15) flapping flight evolved and birds
finally became fully air-borne.
This hypothesis makes intuitive       树栖论的问题:始祖鸟和M恐龙没有
Sense, but certain aspects are         明显的栖树适应性,如合适的脚。
Troubling. Archaeopteryx (the
(20) earliest known bird) and its
maniraptoran dinosaur cousins
have no obviously arboreal
adaptations, such as feet fully
adapted for perching. Perhaps        没分析显示始祖鸟曾用前肢爬树和飞,
(25) some of them could climb trees,
but no convincing analysis has
demonstrated how Archaeopteryx
would have both climbed and
flown with its forelimbs, and there
(30) were no plants taller than a few       始祖鸟化石发现的地方也没有发现高
meters in the environments where      树。
Archaeopteryx fossils have been
found. Even if the animals could       即使它会爬树也不表明会滑翔。
climb trees, this ability is not
(35) synonymous with gliding ability.
(Many small animals, and even
some goats and kangaroos,
are capable of climbing trees
but are not gliders.) Besides,
(40) Archaeopteryx shows no obvi-
ous features of gliders, such as        它没明显的滑翔特征。
a broad membrane connecting
forelimbs and hind limbs.
   The “cursorial”(running)
(45) hypothesis holds that small           疾走论认为鸟为了躲避猎食者,奔跑
dinosaurs ran along the ground        并张开双臂平行
and stretched out their arms for
balance as they leaped into the
air after insect prey or, perhaps,
(50) to avoid predators. Even rudi-         前肢的原始特征能帮助身体稍微升高
mentary feathers on forelimbs
could have expanded the arm’s
surface area to enhance lift
slightly. Larger feathers could         然后鸟慢慢就飞起来了。
(55) have increased lift incrementally,
until sustained flight was gradu-
ally achieved. Of course, a leap
into the air does not provide the
acceleration produced by drop-
(60) ping out of a tree; an animal
would have to run quite fast
to take off. Still, some small
terrestrial animals can achieve
high speeds. The cursorial
(65) hypothesis is strengthened by
the fact that the immediate the-         兽脚亚目恐龙祖先拥有各种疾走的
ropod dinosaur ancestors of            特点。
birds were terrestrial, and they
had the traits needed for high
(70) lift off speeds: they were small,
agile, lightly built, long-legged,         另外,
and good runners. And because         它们用两足走,双臂有空用来拍打。
they were bipedal, their arms
were free to evolve flapping flight,
(75) which cannot be said for other
reptiles of their time.

---------------------------------------------------------
Q 3:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.        present counterevidence to two hypotheses concerning the origins of  bird flight
B.        propose and alternative to two hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight
correct certain misconceptions about hypotheses concerning the  origins of bird flight
C.        (missing)
D.        refute a challenge to a hypothesis concerning the origins of bird flight
E.        evaluate competing hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight

---------------------------------------------------
Q 4:
The passage presents which of the following facts as evidence that tends to undermine the arboreal hypothesis?

A.        Feathers tend to become larger over time
B.        Flapping flight is thought to have evolved gradually over time
C.        Many small animals are capable of climbing trees.
D.        Plants in Archaeopteryx’s known habitats were relatively small
E.        Leaping into the air does not provide as much acceleration as gliding out of a tree

------------------------------------------------
Q 5:
Which of the following is included in the discussion of the cursorial hypothesis but not in the discussion of the arboreal hypothesis?

A.        A discussion of some of the features of Archaeopteryx
B.        A description of the environment known to have been inhabited by bird ancestors
C.        A possible reason why bird ancestors might have been engaging in activities that eventually evolved into flight
D.        A description of the obvious features of animals with gliding ability
E.        An estimate of the amount of time it took for bird ancestors to evolve the kind of flapping flight that allowed them to become completely airborne

-------------------------------------------------
Q 6:
The passage suggests which of the following regarding the climbing ability of Archaeopteryx?

A.        Its ability to climb trees was likely hindered by the presence of incipient feathers on its forelimbs.
B.        It was probably better at climbing trees than were its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins.
C.        It had certain physical adaptations that suggest it was skilled at climbing trees.
D.        Scientists have recently discovered fossil evidence suggesting it could not climb trees.
E.        Scientists are uncertain whether it was capable of climbing trees

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2.2.2 limb进化
V1 by fargone
讨论limb是怎么从鱼类进化来得,第一段说limb是当鱼从干了水域挪到另一个水域的过程中逐渐进化出来的。第二段提出新的观点说limb是当鱼还是什么水生物在水里时就进化出来了,用以让它把头抬出水面呼吸。第三段记不起来了
V2 by joandjaygbd 710
新老观点并提出解释,讲vertebrate怎么evolve legs
第一段:Fish 先cross dry land 再evolve legs
第二段:但是,a new finding of fossils of S(一种鱼) 显示,fish evolve legs in aquatic conditions.
第三段:解释为什么,讲了limb 的作用,可以帮助它们从水里探头出来,呼吸还是干嘛~~~
Q:第一段的作用
V3 by 风雨楼台
是说关于水生动物陆地进化过程中leg是什么时候长出来的,讲到了两种fossil来证明。

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2.2.1 steam egenier
V1 by sunicity
最后一篇阅读是关于steam egenier 的效用,传统观念认为可以提高效率, 减少燃料消耗,但是又有一些人反对,说事实上这会引起燃料消耗的增加,因为效率提高人们用coal的成本就低了, 事实证明也是这样,一般是刚开始时候燃料消耗减少,之后就更多的增加。
V2 by liaoangbo 600
还有一篇是关于蒸汽机的燃烧效率和煤炭开采的,LZ没看懂,但确定是先说了下原来J发明的蒸汽机怎么样,然后瓦特发明的蒸汽机怎么样,然后是一些关于蒸汽机效率和煤炭消耗量的文字,没懂。最后说瓦特的蒸汽机整到苏格兰去,一开始因为效率提高了,煤炭消耗少了,可因此又刺激了经济大量使用蒸汽机,所以后来煤炭消耗量一下有增加了,这里考了道题,说瓦特的蒸汽机整到苏格兰去后发生了什么?我选的刚开始的时候减少了煤炭消耗。顺便说下这篇很短3/5屏左右,而且LZ是在30题以后碰上的,所以估计是600分的题目,遇到这篇的同学们请注意自己目前的分数段。
V3 by 慕小蕾 700+
第一段先说有些把资源的大量损耗归结为传统的steam engine,所以建议开发新的更省资源的。
然后一个人提出这样做不会达到省资源的目的,因为开发新的机器虽然会减少能耗,但会提高人们的利用率。
最后引用了一个例子。用一个叫W的engine在一个城市。这个城市在用W初期,资源的耗费确实减少了,但过了几年,资源的耗费就成倍的增长。
V4 by weiyibin139
考到了蒸汽机的那一篇,文章只有半屏幕,很短,而且不是很难,只要记住文章的脉络主旨即可
传统的观点认为蒸汽机增加了烧煤的效率,所以就会使用煤减少,但是S的研究表明,增加了烧煤的效率,但是使用煤成本降低,用煤量反而增多,最后举了Scotland的例子,Scotland采用了W的蒸汽机增加了烧煤的效率,但用煤量反而增多了。
考题:主旨题,以及问举例W的蒸汽机的作用,都是很简单的,不过在高分题库里,做的时候要小心(这是我最后一篇阅读,而且我确定我前几篇阅读做的很好)

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2.1.9 热带气温下降
V1 by angella0228 710
第三篇是关于热带气温下降的
说热带气温就下降了2度,别的地方都下降了5度。没人可以解释这个。一个科学家G做research发现海里一个什么动物的化石好像,表明他在***时候活着,而那个动物要在很高的温度才能生存,所以就觉得在***时候的气温就下降了2度。而陆地上证据表面下降的更多,和海洋不一致什么的,然后就cast doubt to 科学家G的结论。于是另一个科学家研究了一下发现那个人是错的,每个地方下降的温度都一样。
(1)    问G的research作用
(2)    另一个人的研究发现了什么
V2 by coollijun v40
2.1.9 气温  做到这里的时候时间关系,很快过的原文就选了答案,所以记不起来,没法补充啦。
问题一: 1976年后的那个陆地研究有何意义?
问题一: 主旨题
问题三: 细节题

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2.1.8 农作物
By lesezeichen 680
篇说农作物的,但是我不懂那个单词我就不误导了,总之很长的文章,好几段。一段先说了这个p开头的单词的作物(也许是野生植物,或者说多年生,因为是和crop和annualy做比较的)和普通我们种植的作物的区别,大概就是不需要施肥也不会遭虫子之类的。第二段就说了一下我们老祖宗是怎么慢慢开始农作物耕种的,大概是解释为什么有的就变成了我们的水稻玉米之类的,有的就还是野生的没人要的吧,嗨~,然后后面第三段,或者甚至第四段就开始讲了各种原理,总之就是再说这种p植物可以被种植的feasibility吧。
V2 by fanyanyun 710
有一篇是讲农作物 wild和家养的(好像是D开头的单词) 然后说是家养的和野生的很多特性不一样  第二段介绍为什么后不一样 好像是祖先选择的结果 这段仔细看 有题  然后后面又说科学家想把家养的和野生的杂交 获得新的品种 具有野生的抗虫性    有一道题是让你选科学家杂交是最想获得野生的什么特性  是为了能保持土地 还是抗虫性 还是为了能扩大种植的面积
V3 sherryzhao
说那个perennial plant的研究。记得有一段是说祖先挑了annual但是其实perennial可以达到相同的quality..还有一段是说perennial为了适应野外生存会把更多resource放给根茎。
V4 by coollijun v40
第一段有P的野生的作物和Annual的作物对比,和普通我们种植的作物的区别,他的优点有神马神马,包括不需要施肥,不会遭虫子云云
第二段就说了一下我们老祖宗是怎么慢慢开始农作物耕种的,这段介绍了Annual最后成为了我们的标准农作物的原因是因为祖先经过几代的筛选,而P没有成为标准农作物是因为P生长周期很短,因此不需要人工特别挑选,需要得时候就到野外去找就是。(这个地方有个题目问为啥P没有成为主要的作物)
然后后面第三段,第四段就是我们要把P Domesticated!可以杂交,也可以培育P,而P的缺点是产种率低,低的原因是植物把大部分的营养资源都用来抵抗旱灾,抵抗虫子了,我们如果能够对P进行一些修改(这个地方会考一个题目,问要把P的哪个能力给河蟹掉,要河蟹的就是抵抗旱灾的能力,因为家养后会有人工灌溉,不需要植物本身再耗费资源去抵抗旱灾了),这样就可以取长补短。这样P以后前途无量啊。(主旨题一个)

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