1、there be 句型:表示自然存在的状态。 There be sth. done 永远错 There is + 动词性名词(eg there is a recovery)多半错 要改成n.+v.的形式 2、表示动作的目的用 to do; 而不是for doing, 但不排除某些动词的固定搭配; 其中 to 其实是 in order to 的意思; 3、时间状语的位置:语法上和逻辑上的修饰不一致。 eg1
……the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would [in the past] have conceded to rivals.
OG12-7 这里的 in the past 做状语修饰 would have conceded 其中有一项错误选项是: it would have conceded to rivals [in the past] ; 改变了状语的位置放在rivals之后,语法上既可以作定语修饰rivals,也可以做状语修饰conceded,GMAC认为这是有修饰歧义的~ eg2 Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge [over the past twenty years] about brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are…… OG12-21 这里的 over the past twenty years 做状语修饰 having amassed ; 有筒子可能会问 为什么不是修饰knowledge呢 因为over the past twenty years 修饰完成时态 是更优先的~
这也是GMAT的常考点~ 其中有一个错误选项 having amassed a wealth of knowledge about brain and its development from birth to adulthood [over the past twenty years] ; 改变了状语的位置放在adulthood之后 appears to be modifying adulthood ; 有筒子可能会问 上一条刚说 优先修饰 have done 为什么在这里就可以修饰 adulthood? 我想解释有以下两条: 第一, 状语结构离所要修饰的对象太远了 也就是GMAT常说的 修饰结构要紧跟所要修饰的对象,这条规律适用于定语从句,v-ed分词作定语修饰, v-ing做伴随状语修饰; 第二,一条铁规律是 一般原句中的状语位置不可随意变动, 特别是变动以后放到了一个名词或代词之后, 一般就会出现修饰歧义, 这也是GMAT的常考点之一。 4、V-ing形式可以用作名词(如:running is her favorite sport ); 但sb’s v-ing 形式通常是不正确的; 但sb’s + 动词性名词 + prep. 是可以的 (如: his translation of XXX) 5、The + 动名词 + of + n. 结构很wordy, 不如 n. + v. eg
…the beginning of the Universe was an explosive instant… 就不如 the universe began in an explosive instant…; 值得注意的是 一切还是要以句子的逻辑大意为最基本的依据~ |