[语法资料] 作业：白勇之动词形式（1-40题），欢迎讨论。

动词形式--1-10题

1. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounted to less than one percent of the $ 541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctor say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.

关键词: health care cost last year；过去式

主语doctor；谓语say；宾语是个从句fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation；even though引导状语从句，里面主语the direct costs；谓语amounted to；表语less than one percent； The nation spent on health care是定语从句修饰the $ 541 billion；last year状语修饰spent。

注意: more/less/fewer vs. high/low and large/small 在描述量的大小的时候的不同修饰词。

例如： lower price vs. less money； more people vs. larger population vs. more people；less cost vs. smaller amount of cost等。
larger/smaller “XXX的量”: 例如人的量=人口 larger population, smaller amount of cost,

2. It is possible that Native Americans originally migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

关键词: a bridge of land；过去式；originally

形式主语it，实际主语是that从句。谓语is，表语possible。That从句中，主语Native Americans，谓语migrated，to介词短语，over介词短语，均为状语；that once existed between Siberia and Alaska定语从句修饰a bridge of land。

3. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

关键字：the amount of phosphates；过去完成；1972

主语A 1972 agreement，谓语reduced，宾语the amount，定语从句修饰phosphates

4. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.

关键字: twice as many apples as; 过去；1910

主语the same amount of acreage，谓语produces，宾语apples，as many…as作定语。

注意: double和（grow/increase）twice as many/much as 表示两倍

5. Native American burial sites dating back 5,000 years indicate that the residents of Marine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algoquain-speaking people.

关键字: dating back 5,000 years；过去

注意: date作为动词“确定日期”的用法

例句：
Archaeologists dated the fossil after much study .
Jurassic Park revived the visional dinosaur world dated back to more than 100 million years in Jurassic.
Articles dating back to 1997 are available on our online archive.

Back+5,000 years, 向后推多少年，Back + to 5,000 years B.C. 退到某个时间点。
和increase/reduce by 和to的区别相似。不过也查到过像题目中的dated back xxx years，但是少数。

6. After the Civil War, contemporaries of Harriet Tubman maintained that she had all the qualities of a great leader: coolness in the face of danger, an excellent sense of strategy, and an ability to plan in minute detail.

关键字: contemporaries of HT；过去；after the civil war

主语contemporaries of Harriet Tubman；谓语maintained；宾语that宾语从句

注意：表示所有格，sb.’s XXX 或者the XXX of sb. 重复就错。冒号的用法。

7. From 1982 to 1987, sales of new small boats increased between five and ten percent annually.

关键字: from 1982 to 1987；过去

主语sales；谓语increased；between…and…状语修饰increased，from…to也是状语修饰increased。

注意：BY说的随意添加实意词的错误

8. Since 1970 the number of Blacks elected to state and federal offices in the United States has almost quadrupled.

关键字: since 1970; 现在完成

主语the number；谓语has quadrupled；elected to state and federal offices in the United States定语修饰Blacks；since 1970和almost状语修饰谓语。

注意: multiply xx times; double; triple; quadruple…

9. Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

关键字: fees of investment officers; began paying; 现在完成; since 1986

主语several corporations；谓语have begun paying；宾语their investment advisers；补语a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

注意: A’s B和B of A，在遇到代词指代时候的区别。
Allow的用法：allow sb. to do sth.; allow that; allow for noun.

vt. 5a : permit <doesn't allow people to smoke in his home>
vi. 2. : to give consideration to circumstances or contingencies —used with for <allow for expansion>

10. Founded in 1983, the magazine has since more than doubled its circulation, and its advertising.

关键字: has since；现在完成；founded in 1983；

主语：the magazine；谓语has more than doubled；宾语its circulation and its advertising

注意：除了通过时态判断，我认为还可以通过句子结构，正确的结构是上述主谓宾，因此必须把宾语1和宾语2连一起，不能分开，形成and its advertising没有谓语的不合理结构。