Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point.
Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested.
However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."
Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England.
First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry.
Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases.
Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect.
Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires; no such class existed in New England.
By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.
Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England?
We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding.
Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.
Question #19.
145-07
(22110-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-07)
It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be
(A) already known to earlier historians
(B) based on a logical fallacy
(C) improbable but nevertheless convincing
(D) an unexplained, isolated fact
(E) a new, insightful observation
答案D。B呢？
从discovery那句话看，“我们没有被告知这个发现是如何阐明有关历史的理解的”，D选项中的unexplained和isolated都是对的
但是D项有个fact，而很明显，整篇文章都没有承认这个discovery是一个fact啊，一直都在反驳这个discovery。
而B好像有些牵强，但我感觉没有大问题。 | 
