GMAT考试-GWD-CR解析-EVALUATION

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GWD-1-Q18:
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except in professional medical journals or by mail directly to physicians.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that, in general, laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.
两股力量：医师，受蛊惑的病人
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?

A.        Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public
B.        Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription
C.        Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print
D.        Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians
E.        Whether physicians are likely to succumb to pressure from patients to prescribe inappropriate medications [E]

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T-4-Q15
TrueSave is a mail-order company that ships electronic products from its warehouses to customers worldwide. The company’s shipping manager is proposing that customer orders be packed with newer, more expensive packing materials that virtually eliminate damage during shipping. The manager argues that overall costs would essentially remain unaffected, since the extra cost of the new packing materials roughly equals the current cost of replacing products returned by customers because they arrived in damaged condition.
建议使用新的稍微贵一点的包装。
收益大于成本：新包装的额外成本等于因抵港时损坏顾客返还商品然后厂家重置的成本。
Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in determining whether implementing the shipping manager’s proposal would have the argued-for effect on costs?
A.        Whether the products shipped by TrueSave are more vulnerable to incurring damage during shipping than are typical electronic products.未涉及产品比较。
B.        Whether electronic products are damaged more frequently in transit than are most other products shipped by mail-order companies
C.        Whether a sizable proportion of returned items are returned because of damage already present when those items were packed for shipping（时间点不同若并非在航运中损坏而是在包装前就损坏，那么新包装起不到保护作用。）
D.        Whether there are cases in which customers blame themselves for product damage that, though present on arrival of the product, is not discovered until later（干扰项，到货后，非航运中）
E.        Whether TrueSave continually monitors the performance of the shipping companies it uses to ship products to its customers

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37. Fish currently costs about the same at seafood stores throughout Eastville and its surrounding suburbs. Seafood stores buy fish from the same wholesalers and at the same prices, and other business expenses have also been about the same. But new tax breaks will substantially lower the cost of doing business within the city. Therefore, in the future, profit margins will be higher at seafood stores within the city than at suburban seafood stores.
常量：一样的批发商一样的批发价
变量：城市商店所缴的税少了。
结论：城市商店利润大。
分析：成本少了，价格会不会降下来？
For the purposes of evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to know whether.
(A)        more fish wholesalers are located within the city than in the surrounding suburbs.
(B)        Any people who currently own seafood stores in the suburbs surrounding Eastville will relocate their businesses nearer to the city
(C)        The wholesale price of fish is likely to fall in the future
(D)        Fish has always cost about the same at seafood stores throughout Eastville and its surrounding suburbs.
(E)        Seafood stores within the city will in the future set prices that are lower than those at suburban seafood stores.

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GWD24
29.
Plant scientists have been able to genetically engineer vegetable seeds
to produce crops that are highly resistant to insect damage. Although
these seeds currently cost more than conventional seeds, their cost is
likely to decline. Moreover, farmers planting them can use far less pes-
ticide, and most consumers prefer vegetables grown with less pesticide,
therefore, for crops for which these seeds can be developed, their use
is likely to become the norm.
新蔬菜种子的优缺点比较：
缺点：贵
有点：成本会下降，化学药物少顾客喜欢。
结论：这种新种子会广泛使用。
which of the following would be most useful to know in evaluating the
argument above?
A.        Whether plant scientists have developed insect-resistant seeds
For every crop that is currently grown commercially
B.        Whether farmers typically use agricultural pesticides in larger
Amounts than is necessary to prevent crop damage.无关比较
C.        Whether plants grown from the new genetically engineered seeds
Can be kept completely free of insect damage.走极端
D.        Whether seeds genetically engineered to produce insect-resistant
crops generate significantly lower per acre crop yields than do
currently used seeds.
evaluation题的正确答案是：该选项的不同回答能对原文结论起支持和削弱作用。对于D，如果改良品种的产量低，则尽管用农药少和未来价格便宜，但要become the norm农民还是会顾虑它的产量低而不一定用它。故WEAKEN结论。如果产量不低，则由于有用农药少和价格便宜的优点，再加上产量不低，则 become the norm的可能性加大，故SUPPORT结论。
E.        Whether most varieties of crops currently grown commercially have
Greater natural resistance to insect damage than did similar vari-
eties in the past.无关比较。

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GWD-13-Q9:
Business Analyst:  National Motors began selling the Luxora—its new model of sedan—in June.  Last week, National released sales figures for the summer months of June, July, and August that showed that by the end of August only 80,000 Luxoras had been sold.  Therefore, National will probably not meet its target of selling 500,000 Luxoras in the model’s first twelve months.

Which of the following would be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the analyst’s prediction?

A.        Whether new-car sales are typically lower in the summer months than at any other time of the year
B.        Whether National Motors currently produces more cars than any other automaker
C.        Whether the Luxora is significantly more expensive than other models produced by National Motors
D.        Whether National Motors has introduced a new model in June in any previous year
E.        Whether National Motors will suffer serious financial losses if it fails to meet its sales goal for the Luxora

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GWD-8-Q12:
A certain automaker aims to increase its market share by deeply discounting its vehicles’ prices for the next several months. The discounts will cut into profits, but because they will be heavily advertised the manufacturer hopes that they will attract buyers away from rival manufacturers’ cars. In the longer term, the automaker envisions that customers initially attracted by the discounts may become loyal customers.
降价来增加市场份额。吸引更多买者来弥补因折扣带来的利润损失。
AIM：被降价吸引来的买者变成忠诚客户
In assessing the plan’s chances of achieving its aim, it would be most useful to know which of the following? 一个措施是否有效

A. Whether the automaker’s competitors are likely to respond by offering deep discounts on their own products（如果其他竞争者也采取降价促销，则无法通过这个措施吸引到消费者并成为忠实客户）
B. Whether the advertisements will be created by the manufacturer’s current advertising agency无关
C. Whether some of the automaker’s models will be more deeply discounted than others应该是纵向比较而不是横向比较。
D. Whether the automaker will be able to cut costs sufficiently to maintain profit margins even when the discounts are in effect与结论无关，结论不是关注PROFIT
E. Whether an alternative strategy might enable the automaker to enhance its profitability while holding a constant or diminishing share of the market[A]其他措施管不管用和文章没有关系。

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GWD-7-Q41:
Magazine Publisher:  Our magazine does not have a liberal bias.  It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position.  Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.
没有liberal bias而是各种观点的平衡
证据：包含保守观念的BOOKREVIEW直到有了另一份LIBERAL版本之后才发布。
Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher’s response?

A.        Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book
B.        Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned
C.        Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews
D.        Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view
E.        Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes

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GWD-7-Q38:
Journalist:  Well-known businessman Arnold Bergeron has long been popular in the state, and he has often talked about running for governor, but he has never run.  However, we have just learned that Bergeron has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for candidacy by submitting a detailed list of his current financial holdings to the election commission.  So, it is very likely that Bergeron will be a candidate for governor this year.
fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement----will be a candidate
The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the journalist’s argument?

A.        Has anybody else who has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for the upcoming election reported greater financial holdings than Bergeron?没有涉及横向比较
B.        Is submitting a list of holdings the only way to fulfill the election commission’s financial disclosure requirements?
C.        Did the information recently obtained by the journalists come directly from the election commission?
D.        Have Bergeron’s financial holdings increased in value in recent years?
E.        Had Bergeron also fulfilled the financial disclosure requirements for candidacy before any previous gubernatorial elections? （如果他之前也这么做过，但结果没当上候选人，则说明这次让公众知道他这么做了，也不一定能当上）

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GWD-4-Q20:
Community activist:  If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAll discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville.  Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district.
Healthy 的中心购物区----周围不能开SA。
其它小城镇的证据证明SA----1/4以上商店倒闭。
其它说明M也是小城镇
另外1/4倒闭到底健康不健康，不能自己推结论
The answer to which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the community activist’s reasoning?

A.        Have community activists in other towns successfully campaigned against the opening of a SaveAll store on the outskirts of their towns?
B.        Do a large percentage of the residents of Morganville currently do almost all of their shopping at stores in Morganville?
C.        In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?
D.        What proportion of the employees at the SaveAll store on the outskirts of Morganville will be drawn from Morganville?
E.        Do newly opened SaveAll stores ever lose money during their first five years of operation?[C]
对本题，两个极端的回答是0%和100%。如果正常破产率为0%，则支持原文结论（开折扣店有害），如果是100%破产率，则削弱原文（开折扣店没有害，1/4破产率不算高）。故起EVALUATION的作用。
Community activist: If Morganville wants to keep its central shopping district healthy, it should prevent the opening of a huge SaveAll discount department store on the outskirts of Morganville. Records from other small towns show that whenever SaveAll has opened a store outside the central shopping district of a small town, within five years the town has experienced the bankruptcies of more than a quarter of the stores in the shopping district.
C。In towns with healthy central shopping districts, what proportion of the stores in those districts suffer bankruptcy during a typical five-year period?
1。题目已经清楚说明了WHENEVER，就说明何时都成立，所以关键不在TYPICAL YEAR 上。
2。我认为：关键在于HEALTHY 上。原文用词；KEEP 说明现在M TOWN 的central shopping district已经是HEALTHY，而RECORDS只是 FROM other small towns
答案C中的with healthy 正补上了这个GAP，应该是和M TOWN 有共同特征的 SMALL TOWN 的数据才能判断M TOWN 的未来趋势