GMAT逻辑复习资料-逻辑大全分类-Flaw in reasoning

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大全-18-4.        Politician: Fewer people are entering the labor market now than previously. If the economy grows, the demand for motivated and educated people will far outstrip the supply. Some companies have already started to respond to this labor-market situation by finding better ways to keep their current employees. Their concern is a sure indicator that the economy is growing.
Which of the following is the best criticism of the politician’s reasoning?
(A) The fact that companies are making prudent preparations for a possible future development does not mean that this development is already taking place.
(B) The fact that some companies now try harder to keep their employees does not mean that they used to be indifferent to employee morale.
(C) The fact that demand will outstrip supply does not mean that there will be no supply at all.
(D) The fact that the number of new entrants into the labor market is declining does not mean that the number of new entrants is lower than it has ever been.(A)
(E) The fact that current employees have become more valuable to some companies does not mean that those employees will do their jobs better than they used to.

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大全-2-10.        This year the New Hampshire Division of Company X set a new record(创了新记录) for annual sales by that division. This record is especially surprising since the New Hampshire Division has the smallest potential market and the lowest sales of any of Company X’s divisions.
Which of the following identifies a flaw in the logical coherence(连贯性) of the statement above?
(A) If overall sales for Company X were sharply reduced, the New Hampshire Division’s new sales record is irrelevant to the company’s prosperity.
(B) Since the division is competing against its own record, the comparison of its sales record with that of other divisions is irrelevant.
(C) If this is the first year that the New Hampshire Division has been last in sales among Company X’s divisions, the new record is not surprising at all.
(D) If overall sales for Company X were greater than usual, it is not surprising that the New Hampshire Division was last in sales.（B）
(E) Since the New Hampshire Division has the smallest potential market, it is not surprising that it had the lowest sales.

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大全-11-6.        F: We ought not to test the safety of new drugs on sentient animals, such as dogs and rabbits. Our benefit means their pain, and they are equal to us in the capacity to feel pain.
G: We must carry out such tests; otherwise, we would irresponsibly sacrifice the human lives that could have been saved by the drugs.
Which of the following, if true, is the best objection that could be made from F’s point of view to counter G’s point?
(A) Even though it is not necessary for people to use cosmetics, cosmetics are also being tested on sentient animals.
(B) Medical science already has at its disposal a great number of drugs and other treatments for serious illnesses.
(C) It is not possible to obtain scientifically adequate results by testing drugs in the test tube, without making tests on living tissue.
(D) Some of the drugs to be tested would save human beings from great pain.(E) Many tests now performed on sentient animals can be performed equally well on fertilized chicken eggs that are at a very early stage of development.

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大全-12-6.        Recent audits revealed that BanqueCard, a credit service, has erred in calculating the interest it charges its clients. But BanqueCard’s chief accountant reasoned that the profits that the company shows would remain unaffected by a revision of its clients’ credit statements to correct its previous billing errors, since just as many clients had been overcharged as undercharged.
Which of the following is a reasoning error that the accountant makes in concluding that correcting its clients’ statements would leave BanqueCard’s profits unaffected?
(A) Relying on the reputation of BanqueCard as a trustworthy credit service to maintain the company’s clientele after the error becomes widely known
(B) Failing to establish that BanqueCard charges the same rates of interest for all of its clients
(C) Overlooking the possibility that the amount by which BanqueCard’s clients had been overcharged might be greater than the amount by which they had been undercharged
(D) Assuming that the clients who had been overcharged by BanqueCard had not noticed the error in their credit bills
(E) Presupposing that each one of BanqueCard’s clients had either been overcharged or else had been undercharged by the billing error

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大全-16-11.        Advertisement: The world’s best coffee beans come from Colombia. The more Colombian beans in a blend of coffee, the better the blend, and no company purchases more Colombian beans than Kreemo Coffee, Inc. So it only stands to reason that if you buy a can of Kreemo’s coffee, you’re buying the best blended coffee available today.
The reasoning of the argument in the advertisement is flawed because it overlooks the possibility that
(A) the equipment used by Kreemo to blend and package its coffee is no different from that used by most other coffee producers
(B) not all of Kreemo’s competitors use Colombian coffee beans in the blends of coffee they sell
(C) Kreemo sells more coffee than does any other company
K虽然买beans很多，但如果它卖的coffee也多，说明生产的coffee多，即使买了比别人多的beans，它的平均用量不一定就比别家多，从而blend不一定比别家好。
(D) Kreemo’s coffee is the most expensive blended coffee available today(C)
(E) the best unblended coffee is better than the best blended coffee