6.0 AWA templates for GMAT & GRE

s

我总结的模板，但是后面举例部分不全，大家感兴趣的话可以帮我补齐。：）

Template for Analysis of Issue

This topic raises the controversial issue of whether, on balance, {main issue}. Indisputably, {admit some value in the opposite opinion}. Nevertheless, {provide evident to refute the opposite opinion}. Thus, I generally disagree with the opinion that {opposite opinion}, and would argue that {main assertion}.

First of all, {assert an positive viewpoint}. I would like to point out that the {main support to the position}. To illustrate, let us look at the example of {an example}. In this circumstance, obviously {some observation}. Consequently, it is pretty obvious that {main assertion}.

Furthermore, {refute the opposite side, e.g. if .. not true, then ..}. Specifically, {look into one area to dissuss the effect}. [Both common sense and personal experience have told us that ...]. Hence, all the evidence above demonstrates that ...

Admittedly, {opposite opinion}. This is true especially when it comes to {specific areas or applications}. In addition, {further provide some support}. However, the above argument does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that {opposite opinion}. Because {some reason}, {main refutation}.

In conclusion, although {the opposite side}, {refute the opposite and give main support}. As long as {some measurements are performed, or some areas are involved}, {main conclusion still holds}. [In fact, {extend the topic to broader/more abstract areas}.]

myice

不错不错

smartfay

收藏

s

D.1 False Exclusivity

The argument assumes that A and B are mutual exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground or other choices. However, no evidence is provided to substantiate this assumption. In fact, the author overlooks the possibility that both A and B may happen together, resulting a better solution. Similarly, it is also possible that C would happen. Either case, if true, would serve to undermine the author’s claim that B would happen.  

Example

Finally, the argument suffers from "either-or" reasoning. Based on the fact that Monroetown residents are opposed to Brown's proposed tax cut, the author unfairly concludes that they must be in favor of Greene's proposal. However, the author overlooks the possibility that Monroetown residents are not in favor of either proposal.

s

C.2 Doubtful survey

The statistical reliability of the survey’s results is questionable. The number of participants, N, might constitute an insufficiently small sample to draw any reliable conclusions about {the problem}. The larger the overall population of B compared to the sample of N participants, the less reliable the survey’s results. Also, the sample might be unrepresentative of all population of B. For example, perhaps the N participants happened to be those ones who are what. Lacking assurance that the N participants are statistically representative of all population, the author cannot draw any reliable conclusion based on the survey.

Example

Even if the participants' punctual and regular attendance was due to the breakfasts provided to them, the statistical reliability of the trial program's results is questionable. The number of participants, 100, might constitute an insufficiently small sample to draw any reliable conclusions about how district students 5-12 years of age would behave under similar conditions---as a group. The larger this group compared to the sample of 100 participants, the less reliable the study's results. Also, the sample might be unrepresentative of district students as a group. For example, perhaps the 100 participants happened to be children who eat small dinners and are therefore hungry for breakfast. (AA26)

s

B.2 Dissimilar scope

Even if A is to be attributable to C, it is possible that C is dissimilar to B. For example, in B … while C … If so, then the fact that C would amount to scant evidence at best that A would achieve B.

Example

Even if Schade is to be credited for the band's awards, it is possible that the skills that Schade possesses and which resulted in the band's winning these awards are not the same skills required for the district position. For example, perhaps Schade's music-conducting ability or his ability to motivate individual students was responsible for the band's award winning performances. If so, then the fact that Steel's band won these awards would amount to scant evidence at best that Schade would make an effective administrator for the district. (AA24)

s

B.1 Dissimilar subject

The author’s argument rests on the unsubstantiated as assumption that B and D are sufficiently alike in ways that might affect the impact of A. However, they might differ in some aspects. For example, B might lack something. For that matter, perhaps B is… If so, A is not a reasonable solution for the problem.

Example

Finally, the mayor's argument rests on the unsubstantiated assumption that Hopewell and Ocean View are sufficiently alike in ways that might affect the economic impact of a new golf course and hotel. Hopewell might lack the sort of natural environment that would attract more tourists and new businesses to the town--regardless of its new golf course and hotel. For that matter, perhaps Hopewell already contains several resort hotels and golf courses that are not utilized to their capacity. If so, building yet another golf course and hotel might amount to a misallocation of the town's resources--and actually harm the town's overall economy. (AA23)

s

A.4 Insufficient condition

Even if B is attributable to A, the author assumes too hastily that A will cause B. The author has not accounted for the possibility that C will happen. Or, perhaps D happens. Unless the author can convince us by addressing these possibilities we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that A should be done.

Example

Thirdly, even if the recent trends in Ocean View are attributable to the construction of the new golf course and hotel there, the mayor assumes too hastily that the golf course and hotel will continue to benefit that town's overall economy. The mayor has not accounted for the possibility that increased tourism will begin to drive residents away during tourist season, or that new business development will result in the town's losing its appeal as a place to visit or to live. Unless the mayor can convince me that these scenarios are unlikely I cannot accept the mayor's recommendation that Hopewell follow Ocean View's example. (AA23)

Finally, in recommending Schade for the job the chairperson fails to consider other possible job candidates. Even if all the evidence shows that Schade is well-qualified, perhaps one or more other individuals would be even more suitable for the job. Without addressing this possibility the chairperson cannot convince me that the district should hire Schade. (AA24)

s

A.3 Gratuitous assumption

The mere fact that A happened proves nothing about C. The author assumes that C is what. However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, it is more likely that C is something else. If so, A might not necessarily mean that B would happen. Without substantiating his assumption, the author cannot reasonably conclude that A should be done.

Example

First, the memo does not indicate what kinds of jobs Sparks is now advertising--the ones for which salaries are to be twice those paid to Automate's assembly-line workers. Those jobs might be top management positions or other jobs for which salaries are often significantly higher than those for assembly-line work. If so, this fact would serve to refute the president's assumption that Sparks is paying higher salaries than Automate for similar work. (AA25)

s

A.2 Reverse causality

It is possible that the author has confused cause with effect respecting {the problem}. Perhaps C was a response to D. In that case ... ... Since the author has failed to account for this possibility, the claim that A would similarly cause B is completely unwarranted.

Example

First of all, it is possible that the mayor has confused cause with effect respecting the recent developments in Ocean View. Perhaps Ocean View's construction of a new golf course and hotel was a response to previous increases in tourism and business development increases that have simply continued during the most recent two years. Since the mayor has failed to account for this possibility, the claim that Hopewell would boost its economy by also constructing a golf course and hotel is completely unwarranted. (AA23)