GWD-1-Q17

LUANXINS

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance.  Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

 Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

A.      Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.

B.       No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.

C.       The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.

D.      Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
                    

E  The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

答案是E  请问为什么啊？  这题意思不太理解 ，请高手详细讲解！谢谢

augest

OG 12 122
Argument Evaluation


Situation

Th e arrangement of the holes in a bone fragment from a Neanderthal campsite match
part of the scale used in Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists hypothesize
from this that the scale was developed thousands of years before Western musicians
adopted it.


Reasoning

Which of the options, if true, would provide the most support for the musicologists’ hypothesis?
One way to approach this question is to ask yourself, “If this option were false, would the
hypothesis be less likely to be true?” If the Neanderthal bone fragment could not have
been part of a fl ute that encompassed the entire seven-note diatonic scale, then the bone
fragment’s existence would not provide strong support for the hypothesis.


A To the extent that this is even relevant, it tends to weaken the hypothesis; it makes less likely the
possibility that Neanderthals used other types of musical instruments employing the diatonic
scale.
B Th is also weakens the hypothesis, because it states that there is no known evidence of a certain
type that would support the hypothesis.
C Th e fact that the cave-bear bone fragment that was apparently a fl ute came from a site where
many other cave-bear skeletal remains were found has little bearing on the hypothesis, and in no
way supports it.
D Th is does not strengthen the hypothesis, for even if the option were false—even if a simpler
instrument could be constructed that employed the diatonic scale—the existence of a fl ute
employing the diatonic scale would provide no less support for the hypothesis.
E Correct. Th is option most strongly supports the hypothesis.
Th e correct answer is E.

lengling

能解释一下B怎么排除？ 因为B意为：N Campsite的flute是使用7阶音最早的, 不就支持了结论：7阶音在西方音乐家之前就使用了。

toneere

QUOTE:

回复：（kenshin）这种选项叫搭桥。你读题目的时候有没...

QUOTE:

以下是引用NicoleYu在2010-3-19 16:13:00的发言：
原文首先指出某个骨笛碎片上的四个孔符合一些特征，和西方七音音阶中的一部分吻合（注意哦，此时还不能证明这个骨笛能代表七音音阶了，只是符合特征而已）
接着就推断说这个骨笛碎片就证明七音音阶的发展和应用比西方音乐家早上千年
那么这个推断的基础就是该骨笛确实是一个能演奏七音音阶的乐器
因此，E所说的熊的骨头要足够长去制作一根完整的骨笛就是在支持这个方面

 

"结论是7个音"，我不认为这是结论。

conclusion:

Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

 

 

premise1

古人做的乐器就只是4个音，3，4，5，6

premise2

西方人做的乐器有7个音，全音阶

 

support

The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale

讲古人有做全音阶的材料，有从4个洞到7个洞的条件。a fragment完整版是7个洞的flute

B这种在premise上加个no than的好像往往都是错的。这种排除技巧对吗？

 

LUANXINS

这道题明白了  谢谢两位

zengzihao

这种选项叫搭桥。你读题目的时候有没有觉得，证据和结论之间有条沟？证据是4个音，结论是7个音，如果那帮古人做的乐器就只是4个音的呢？那么后代的7个音的就和他们没关系了吧，所以你得把这条沟填上，叫搭桥，丫们其实有条件做完整的（7个音的）乐器：有工具（洞穴熊腿骨？orz）

NicoleYu

原文首先指出某个骨笛碎片上的四个孔符合一些特征，和西方七音音阶中的一部分吻合（注意哦，此时还不能证明这个骨笛能代表七音音阶了，只是符合特征而已）
接着就推断说这个骨笛碎片就证明七音音阶的发展和应用比西方音乐家早上千年
那么这个推断的基础就是该骨笛确实是一个能演奏七音音阶的乐器
因此，E所说的熊的骨头要足够长去制作一根完整的骨笛就是在支持这个方面