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Inew

 

第七宗罪 gratuitous assumption
The author depends on gratuitous assumption that…

However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption.

In fact, this is not necessarily the case.

For example, it is more likely that…

Therefore, this arguments is untenable without ruling out such possibility.

Inew

 

第八宗罪

One-sidedness

The author fails to consider the benefits… might bring…

For example…

It may turn out that the advantages of… outweigh the disadvantages.

Since the argument lacks a complete analysis of the situation, the author’s conclusion that…cannot be taken seriously.

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第六宗罪 survey is doubtful

The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative.

The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll or when, where and how the poll was conducted.

For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded/if only 10 persons were surveyed and … , the conclusion drawn from the survey would be highly suspect.

Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

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第四宗罪 all things are equal<纵向>
The argument suffers from a fallacy of “all things are equal” in assuming that… will remain/have remained unchanged in future/since…

However, it fails to consider that… might…, for whatever reason.

Since the argument does not account for possibility such as this, it is unconvincing that…would…

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第五宗罪 Either-Or choice

The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground.

However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice.

Common sense tells us that adjusting both A and B could produce a better result.

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argument

 

In this argument, the author concludes that…

The conclusion is based both on the fact that… and on the survey result that…

While the argument has some merits, it omits some important concerns that need to be addressed to substantiate the argument.

To sum up, this argument is not persuasive as it stands.

To render the argument logically acceptable, the author would have to demonstrate that… and that…

In addition, only with more concrete and more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.

 

 

Inew

 

第一宗罪：无因果联系

The author commits a fallacy of over simplification.

The line of reasoning is that because A occurred before B/that because A coincided with B, the former is totally responsible for the latter.

But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.

For example, perhaps B is caused by C, or perhaps D is the cause of B.

If so, then the author cannot justify…

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第二宗罪 Insufficient-sample

The argument assumes that A is representative of … as a group.

However, it supplies no evidence to support this assumption.

It is possible that…

In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the author’s conclusion is completely unwarranted.