Q4 to Q7:
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity－
Line the ability to recollect specific past events,
(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind－as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic
(10)
memory in animals. According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together. Clayton sought to
(15)
examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation. In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food
(20)
scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event. Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another.
Jays
(25)
prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain
(30)
information about the what, the where,
and the when.
Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.
Q5:
According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays
- recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information
- are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time
- choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time
- choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available
- prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period
答案是c. 主要是定位在绿色部分。可是我觉得是D。这道题我是这么想的：题目问的是 clayton's experient 是依靠一个什么样的事实。我觉得这道题应该是个逻辑方面的assumption.而fact 的意思是truth，也就是说一个普遍意义上的事实。
如果选c,也就是说这种鸟choose peanuts over crickets,而从文中我们看出这种鸟天生是prefer crickets的，而只有在这个实验里，clayton's birds才选择了peanuts。c选项是试验的内容，而这个实验的依据是这种鸟本身喜欢crickets。也就是D所说。其实把D取非那试验就做不了了，所以更加确定答案应该是D.
大家的看法呢？快考了，不是怕错一道题两道题，而是怕自己的解题思路不对。而这道题我觉得我想得没错阿。
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