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At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without (from without: ...外面). In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.

There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory,” while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.

Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research (field research: 实际教学, 现场调查研究) on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.

Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.

*2. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?

(A) A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.

(B) A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.

(C) A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.

(D) A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert.C

(E) A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.

这种题怎么做??每次做每次错,这里好象没有明显暗示unfamiliar.啊?为啥选C那?

8. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the usefulness of life stories as a source of ethnographic information?

(A) They can be a source of information about how people in a culture view the world.

(B) They are most useful as a source of linguistic information.

(C) They require editing and interpretation before they can be useful.

(D) They are most useful as a source of information about ancestry.A

(E) They provide incidental information rather than significant insights into a way of life.这题疑惑为啥是A,因为文章里只提到 could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without 没提到how people in a culture view the world.啊?想请教下infer题一般怎么做??再理解基础上选项??我infer题也老错,谢谢

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谁能解答我一下,为什么C不对?

(C) They require editing and interpretation before they can be useful.

OG解释Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not specify how many research methods are available to ethnologists. 有什么关系阿。。。。。

我选C的理由是,因为Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English 。所以C) They require editing and interpretation before they can be useful. 为什么不正确???

非常感谢~~~~~~~~

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大全是比OG多两题。这对它们两者重复的文章来说,是挺普遍的情况。

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想问个问题,我对了下原来得OG第11篇,发觉只有6个问题,而你给我提问的第8题书上没有啊,你帖的那道是11篇第63题图片点击可在新窗口打开查看

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QUOTE:
OG-11-63
QUOTE:
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the usefulness of life stories as a source of ethnographic information?

(A) They can be a source of information about how people in a culture view the world.

(B) They are most useful as a source of linguistic information.

(C) They require editing and interpretation before they can be useful.

(D) They are most useful as a source of information about ancestry.A

(E) They provide incidental information rather than significant insights into a way of life.这题疑惑为啥是A,因为文章里只提到 could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without 没提到how people in a culture view the world.啊?想请教下infer题一般怎么做??再理解基础上选项??我infer题也老错,谢谢

先贴上OG的解释:

·The best answer is A, which paraphrases the passage’s assertion that life stores “are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture” (lines 40-44).

·Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not assess the difficulty of collecting life stories, and because the second paragraph discusses ways in which life stories became distorted. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not specify how many research methods are available to ethnologists.

·Choice D can be eliminated because the third paragraph mentions distortion arising from ethnologists’ failure to recognize significant events in life stories. Choice E is incorrect because the second paragraph suggests that life stories would be more useful if collected by culturally knowledgeable investigators.

Infer题是很难做。我想首先最根本的一点要保证你确实读懂文章,至少要很清楚文章的脉络。因为infer题信息量很大,内容分部很广;这样的话你能快速准确地定位,也便于你筛选答案。

infer题答案特征:一般来说是对原文的改写或者取非,有时候是对某一句,有时候是对某几处内容的结合的改写或者取非。

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QUOTE:

这是OG第11篇-62道题:

*2. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?

(A) A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.

(B) A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.

(C) A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.

(D) A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert.C

(E) A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.

这种题怎么做??每次做每次错,这里好象没有明显暗示unfamiliar.啊?为啥选C那?

QUOTE:
不知道楼主有没有看过OG的解释,anyway先贴上吧!
QUOTE:

·The best answer is C. Lines 22-23 suggest that ethnologists “rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing.” Ethnologists who did not spend enough time with tribes they were observing were unlikely to be sufficiently familiar with the culture and customs of those tribes. Such ethnologists nevertheless attempted to describe the lives of tribal members. This attempt can be seen as analogous to the announcer’s attempt to describe the actions in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.

·Choice A, B, and D can be eliminated because the passage does not suggest ethnologists deliberately withheld information.

·Choice E is incorrect because the passage does not mention any common ideas or positions held by both the ethnologists and the Native Americans.

这种题怎么做??每次做每次错,这里好象没有明显暗示unfamiliar.啊?为啥选C那?

选C的原因OG已经解释的很清楚了!

这里题目的解法相对固定:先根据题目准确定位原文,读懂原文和题目的要求,抽象出原文的根本特征或者精髓(如没法做到此点的话,把原文和各选项对比,尤其注意动词和形容词副词;又或者抽象出选项,反过来对比原文的例子)。比如说OG对ABD的共同抽象是--故意做某事已达到某种目的,显然原文并不是。

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