一、理论知识
1. 直译法
honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction
bull’s eye
bicycle people
milky way
靶心、骑自行车的人、银河
2. 意译
as timid as hare 胆小如兔
day student 白天的学生
in the dark 在黑暗中
cash crops 现金庄稼
胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物
He had one foot in the grave.
他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了
他已经是风烛残年了
The medicinal herb helps a cough.
这种草药帮助咳嗽
这种草药可以治疗咳嗽
理解、表达（直译结合意译）、校对 二、词 1. 根据词性确定词义
The earth is not completely round.
Let’s go into the hall and have a look round.
They are dancing in a round.
He worked round the day.
The boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.
圆的 形容词
转一转 副词
一圈 名词
一整天 介词
睁得圆圆的 动词
2. 根据上下文确定词义
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
Work on the new building is moving quickly.
The government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.
She moves in the highest circles of society.
Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
打动
进展
改变
生活
采取措施
3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义
I think your suggestion will work.
The new treatment works like magic.
My watch doesn’t work.
The sea works high.
She worked her way to the front.
The new regulation is working well.
行得通
疗效
走
汹涌起伏
挤到
执行
4. 通过抽象化加以引申
They have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼泪
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
单行道
I have no head for mathematics.
没有头脑
欢乐与悲哀
有来无往
没有天赋
5. 通过具体化加以引申
The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.
绿色 绿灯
Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.
麻烦 缺点
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确
愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱
如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢
学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习
7. 从语法角度去省略
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.
It is the people who are really powerful.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China.
Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.
人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西
人民才是最强大的
冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国
必须在购货单规定的时间交货
8. 重复法
This has been our position—but not theirs.
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场
我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情
他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败 三、句 1. 主语从句
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都应该做好
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点
2. 宾语从句
I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.
我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要
3. 表语从句
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他
4. 同位语从句
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.
我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准
5. 定语从句
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
I told the story to Winson, who told it to his brother.
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
6. 状语从句
时间状语从句
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来
原因状语从句
We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期
条件状语从句
It was better in case they were captured.
要是把他们抓到了,那就更好了
让步状语从句
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
不管我说什么,也不管我怎么说,他总是认为我错了
目的状语从句
He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反复强调这一点,免得她忘记了
结果状语从句
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来 四个维度 对英语原文理解的深度，自身的汉语修养程度，对英语、汉语所在的两种文化、历史、风土人情等的正确掌握，需要真正摆脱原文束缚，遣词造句尽量贴近原文，同时还要按照汉语习惯来表达英语原文的内容。 | 
