Sorry,我想我前面的回复造成误会了。 看下面这个OG题目： 8.
Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by equipment. such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.
- equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that
- equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
- equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
- visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
答案是D米有问题. 想问的是
前辈大牛Bryony的解释：
it 代同物－原物。简单的说，这里就是代： amout used by visible equipment..... 很长的那一串。
that 代同类物。
可以指代amout, 即可以代amout used by any other equipment。 ===》即当存在代词造成的前后比较对象范围不一致时，考虑 it / that 指代的适用范围问题。 ===》但是在判断具体的代词的比较对象的时候，以句子的逻辑意思为优先。我开始说的那个 it指向对应的名词结构的所有部分 不是所有情况都一定成立，造成误解，sorry.. 另外一个前辈大N GEMJ关于代词的总结： 关于代词的指代问题，我想下面几点是明确的：
1) 并无就近指代的规则，如果看到代词就将其等同于前面最靠近它的、在数上与其一致的名词，肯定是错误的。不仅如此，我们也不应该以就近指代的思路想问题；
2) 从句中的做主语的代词优先指代主句主语。这是ETS认可的规则。但注意是“优先”，不是“永远”，否则下面的句子就无法解释了；
12. The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival
3) 逻辑判定是无比重要的。如果“优先指代”使得句子不通，则需要通过逻辑来判定其指代的对象。当然，这也适合于没有“优先指代”规则可用的情况；
4) 我们不应该试图寻找（实际上也不存在）一条简单的、适用任何情况的通则来判定代词的指代对象。正因为如此，代词的指代问题才具有挑战性，代词指代才能成为ETS喜欢的考点。如果一条简单规则就可以搞定所有题目，那还有考的必要与价值吗？
（好比说前人曾提出的“就近指代”的规则就是一种寻求通则的尝试，但这肯定是错误的。在ETS的字典里，绝对没有这条规则）
至于回到1楼的这道题目，我觉得可以从比较结构的对象要对应这个原则来判断： the market for paper is growing faster than it is （for all） 比较结构前面的主语成分是the market for paper， 那么根据对等原则，it 也应该是the market for paper。 如果认为 it 只是指向 the market ，比较词后面的结构和前面的结构不对等。前面是主系表，后面是主谓+介宾 Open to discuss.............. | 
