| 8月22日下午5：30在北京考试，考得不好，没啥可说的，主要原因是复习的不够。贡献部分机经： AA：The following appeared in a memorandum from the director of human resources to the executive officers of Company X: “Last year, we surveyed our employees on improvements needed at Company X by having them rank, in order of importance, the issues presented in a list of possible improvements. Improved communications between employees and management was consistently ranked as the issue of highest importance by the employees who responded to the survey. As you know, we have since instituted regular communications sessions conducted by high-level management, which the employees can attend on a voluntary basis. Therefore, it is likely that most employees at Company X now feel that the improvement most needed at the company has been made.” Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
AI：“It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
DS:1、1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4<1/(1-x)? 1)x<1; 2)x>0
2、一个卖自行车的，一共500辆，黄的占15%，分两层，问第二层非黄的有多少？ 1）第二层黄的有。。。 2）第一层。。。，记不大清了 3、x^3y^2z<0那道，见机经 4、有一个酒店只有三个房间的和四个房间的，价格的range是800，好像机经里有，不难。 5、s<r? 1)…. 2)s^2<2r
PS 1、50到100的数求和； 2、排列组合，6个数字里挑三个的全排列； 3、Xn+1=2（Xn）-1那道，机经有； 4、3个人来自不同的6个公司握手那道，几经里有； 5、正方形砍掉一个角球面积； 6、正方形内接一个圆，求面积比；
RC：有两篇机井 1\ In colonial Connecticut between 1670 and 1719, women participated in one of every six civil cases, the
Line vast majority of which were debt- (5) related. Women’s participation dropped to one in ten cases after 1719, and to one in twenty by the 1770’s. however, as Cornelia Hughes Dayton notes in Women
(10) Before the Bar: Gender, Law, and Society in Connecticut, 1639-1789, these statistics are somewhat deceptive: in fact, both the absolute numbers and (15) the percentage of adult women participating in civil cases grew steadily throughout the eighteenth century, but the legal activity of men also increased dramatically, (20) and at a much faster rate. Single, married, and widowed women continued to pursue their own and their husbands’ debtors through legal action much as they had (25) done in the previous century, but despite this continuity, their place in the legal system shifted dramatically. Men’s commercial interests and credit networks (30) became increasingly far-flung, owing in part to the ability of creditors to buy and sell prom- issory notes (legal promises to pay debts). At the same time, (35) women’s networks of credit and debt remained primarily local and personal. Dayton contends that, although still performing crucial economic services in their (40) communities—services that contributed to the commercialization of the colonial economy—women remained for the most part outside the new economic and legal culture of the eighteenth century.
2、Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance Line work and workers is a solid contribution
(5) to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and social- ogy of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism. Clark makes the point that the char- (10) acteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ- (15) ization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social (20) choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is (25) construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents (30) the new mainstream called social constructivism. The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are (35) supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside (40) society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization. Clark
refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he (45) defines “technology” in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery (50) is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and main- tenance. At the empirical level Clark
shows how a change at the telephone (55) exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of (60) workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas
others are seen as arising from the (65) capabilities and nature of the technology itself. Thus
Clark
helps answer
the question: “When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?” 其余两篇都记不大清了。
Cr\sc感觉不太难，没有什么代表性，可能是因为没有进到高分区。 考试的时候，第一道语法较易，十足把握作对了，第二道语法较易十足把握对了，第三道逻辑较难，估计做错了，哈哈。这个递进的关系还是挺明显的。 | 
