[分享]GMAT 最基本修辭鐵則 (必背)

frankdong

GMAT 修辭鐵則 1- 絕對要保持S 與 V 的一致.
2- 絕對要保持Pronoun 與 n 的一致.
3- 絕對要保持V時態的一致.
4- 絕對要保持V 主動被動的一致.
5- 絕對要修飾詞放在接近修飾詞對象的附近.
6- 絕對要保持Parallelism (平行表達)
7- 絕對要避免不清楚的修飾關係, 必要時重寫修飾對象.
(x) The archaeologist found an evidence there was a violent eruption of volcano, blamed for the destruction of the village =>…….. and event blamed for……
8- 絕對要避免clause 成為介係詞片語.
- because + S + V => because of S + V + V-ing (x)
- a finding, a theory….that + S + V => a finding, a theory…. Of S + V-ing (x)
9- 絕對要保持因果關係擁有同一對象.
- (x) I felt tired because of studying hard. => I fel tired because I studied hard.
- (x) John’s mother woke him so early as to catch the train. => …. So early that he could catch the train.
10- 絕對要避免用 they 代表單數團體如國家, 公司, 機關, 學校, 軍隊…
11- a-)絕對要避免用 it 或 this 來代表一件事情.
-(x) I can’t do it (this) => I can’t do so.
b-)絕對要避免用 which 來修飾前面的 n 或 clause.
-(x) My parent gave me a present, which made me glad => a present that…..
12- a)絕對要避免用 “,” 分隔了獨立clause.
-(x) I am tired, he is still vigorous. => I am tired, but he is still vigorous.
b)絕對要避免 “;” 漏加上對等連接詞的獨立clause.
-(x) I am tired; but he is still vigorous.
13- 絕對要避免發生 be V 的 S 與補語性質的不合理.
- (x) John is a book => John has a book.
- (x) In psychology the term “psycopath” is some one who…=> In psychology the term “….” Refers to ….
14- 絕對要避免同位語 (或舉例) 或身分與其對象本質上的不合理.
- (x) food allergy such as milk => such as to milk.
- (x) John has a food allergy, milk.
- (x) The Federalist papers, as political science, represent the handiwork of three authors.
15- 絕對要避免比較對象本質上的不合理或文法結構上的不對稱.
- (x) Unlike him, my life is full of joy. => Unlike his life.
- (x) I gave the same to John as Mary. => as to Mary.
- (x) The house’s price is now higher than previous decade. => than in previous decade.
16- 絕對要避免用V-ing 來代替普通名詞.
- (x) The increasing in the house’s price. => The increase in…..
17- 絕對不可改寫原意, 如增添或減少均不可以.
18- 絕對不可用抽象名詞代替 V 表達.
- (x) I make a comparison => I compare….
- (x) in reference to => refer to
- (x) They had a plan with intention to…. => They had a plan with intention to ….=> They had a plan intended to…..
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